| 宁夏养牛场粪污和周边土壤中抗生素及抗生素抗性基因分布特征 |
| 摘要点击 2754 全文点击 717 投稿时间：2020-11-09 修订日期：2020-12-02 |
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| 中文关键词 抗生素 抗生素抗性基因(ARGs) 可移动遗传元件(MGEs) 牛粪 养殖期 土壤 |
| 英文关键词 antibiotic antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) mobile genetic elements(MGEs) cattle manure breeding periods soils |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 畜禽粪便是抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（antibiotic resistance genes，ARGs）重要的储存库.为揭示宁夏肉牛养殖场牛粪和养殖场周边土壤中抗生素及ARGs的分布特征，采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法和高通量荧光定量法对不同规模的养牛场进行调查研究.结果表明：①牛粪中优势抗生素为四环素类、喹诺酮类和磺胺类.不同养殖期牛粪中抗生素含量差异显著；育肥前期和哺乳期抗生素含量较高，犊牛期相反.②土壤中以喹诺酮类和四环素类抗生素为主，喹诺酮类抗生素检出率和含量都最高.养殖场对周边土壤中抗生素的分布无影响；施用牛粪的土壤中喹诺酮类和四环素类抗生素含量显著增加.③牛粪中共检测到ARGs亚型79~142种，其中氨基糖苷类ARGs数目最多.育成期ARGs数目最多且相对丰度最高，犊牛期相反.所有养殖期牛粪中共存ARGs是tetQ、ermF和tetO-01.④土壤中ARGs亚型有35~79种，主要是多药类和氨基糖苷类ARGs.养殖场对周边土壤中ARGs的数目和相对丰度无影响；施用牛粪的土壤中ARGs数目和相对丰度都显著高于其他土壤.⑤磺胺类和氯霉素类ARGs在牛粪和土壤中都有水平移动的风险.牛粪中氨基糖苷类和四环素类ARGs相对丰度与其对应抗生素含量呈极显著相关.⑥对牛粪和土壤中各类ARGs相对丰度而言，氨基糖苷类与磺胺类和氯霉素类、可移动遗传元件（mobile genetic elements，MGEs）与氨基糖苷类和磺胺类均呈显著或极显著正相关，而大环内酯类与万古霉素类则呈显著负相关.本研究结果可为肉牛不同养殖期抗生素的使用和牛粪施用等提供理论依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Livestock breeding intensively uses veterinary antibiotics in concentrated feeding operations to improve growth and control disease. Consequently, livestock and poultry manure is an important repository of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). To understanding the distribution of antibiotics and ARGs in manure and surrounding soils of cattle farms in Ningxia, cattle manure from five breeding periods (lactation, calving, growing, pre-fattening, and post-fattening periods) and comparative soil samples were collected from the largest beef-breeding area in Ningxia. The compositions of ARGs in the samples were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS and HT-qPCR. The results showed that:① Tetracycline, quinolone, and sulfonamide were the dominant antibiotics in cattle manure. The content of antibiotics in the manure varied greatly between different breeding periods. High amounts of antibiotics were detected during the pre-fattening and lactation periods, and the lowest amounts were detected during the calving period. ② Quinolone and tetracycline were the dominant antibiotics in the soils, and the detection rate and content of quinolone were highest. The cattle farms did not affect the distribution of antibiotics in the surrounding soils. The content of quinolone and tetracycline in the soils with cattle manure application were significantly higher than control and surrounding soils. ③ We detected 79-142 ARGs in cattle manure, with aminoglycosides the most common form. The number and relative abundance of ARGs were highest during the growing period and lowest during the calving period. The dominant ARGs were tetQ, ermF, and tetO-01 across all the breeding periods. ④ There were 35-79 ARGs in the tested soils, and multidrug and aminoglycoside ARGs were dominant. The cattle farms did not affect the number and relative abundance of ARGs in the surrounding soils; however, manure application significantly affected the number and relative abundance of ARGs. ⑤ Sulfonamide and chloramphenicol ARGs are at risk of mobilization and horizontal transport. A correlation analysis showed that the relative abundances of aminoglycoside and tetracycline in cattle manure were significantly positively correlated with their contents. ⑥ Aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in manure were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with aminoglycosides and sulfonamides in the soils, whereas macrolides were negatively correlated with vancomycin. These results provide baseline data to inform controls on the variety and dosages of feed and veterinary drugs in cattle farms and the application of organic fertilizers in agriculture. |
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