| 西宁盆地土壤重金属累积特征及源解析 |
| 摘要点击 256 全文点击 18 投稿时间：2024-05-10 修订日期：2024-07-04 |
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| 中文关键词 西宁盆地 表层土壤 重金属 污染评价 生态风险 源解析 |
| 英文关键词 Xining Basin topsoil heavy metals pollution assessment ecological risk source apportionment |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张亚峰 | 青海省第五地质勘查院, 青海省富硒资源利用工程技术研究中心, 西宁 810099 | 371221815@qq.com | | 苗国文 | 青海省第五地质勘查院, 青海省富硒资源利用工程技术研究中心, 西宁 810099 | 27861538@qq.com | | 马强 | 青海省第五地质勘查院, 青海省富硒资源利用工程技术研究中心, 西宁 810099 | | | 姚振 | 青海省第五地质勘查院, 青海省富硒资源利用工程技术研究中心, 西宁 810099 | | | 贺连珍 | 青海省第五地质勘查院, 青海省富硒资源利用工程技术研究中心, 西宁 810099 | | | 王帅 | 青海省第五地质勘查院, 青海省富硒资源利用工程技术研究中心, 西宁 810099 | | | 沈骁 | 青海省第五地质勘查院, 青海省富硒资源利用工程技术研究中心, 西宁 810099 | | | 代璐 | 青海省第五地质勘查院, 青海省富硒资源利用工程技术研究中心, 西宁 810099 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为全面掌握西宁盆地土壤重金属状况,以区内2 396组土壤为研究对象,通过测定pH和8项重金属含量（Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn）,采用地累积指数法、污染负荷指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对土壤重金属污染状况及潜在生态风险进行评价,用反距离加权插值法分析土壤重金属空间分布特征,用相关性分析、主成分分析和PMF模型确定污染源.结果表明：①研究区土壤ω（Cd）、ω（Hg）、ω（As）、ω（Pb）、ω（Cr）、ω（Cu）、ω（Ni）、ω（Zn）的平均值分别为： 0.21、0.034、13.1、23.5、75.8、25.5、31.9和72.2 mg·kg-1；相对青海省全域,研究区土壤Hg呈高度累积,Cd呈中度累积.②研究区有2个点（0.1%）超过土壤污染风险管控值,49个点（1.6%）超过土壤污染风险筛选值,风险指标以As、Cd和Cr为主,土壤整体状态良好.③研究区从区域看,综合生态风险较低；局部看,污染风险因子以Hg和Cd为主,其中Hg的潜在生态风险最大,Cd次之.④相关分析显示,研究区存在Cd-Pb-Zn和Cu-Cr-Ni两组元素组合序列,各序列内元素间具同源性；Hg具独立外源性.⑤源解析显示,研究区土壤重金属主要存在3种不同类型来源.因子1是自然与工业排放复合源,因子2是自然源,因子3是工业和交通排放源.针对以上结论,建议强化自然源监测和人类活动源阻断,可为青藏高原生态环境保护和修复提供科学依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To comprehensively understand the status of heavy metal contamination in the topsoil of the Xining Basin in Qinghai Province, China, 2 396 samples of soil were analyzed for pH and eight heavy metals （Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn）. This assessment evaluated the pollution levels and traced the origins of contamination using the geo-accumulation index, pollution load index, and potential ecological risk index methods. Spatial distribution characteristics of soil heavy metals were analyzed using inverse distance weighting interpolation, while correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and PMF models were utilized to identify the sources of pollution. The findings revealed： ① The average values of soil Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn in the study area were 0.21, 0.034, 13.1, 23.5, 75.8, 25.5, 31.9, and 72.2 mg·kg-1. Compared with the whole area of Qinghai Province, the soil Hg in the study area showed high accumulation, and Cd showed moderate accumulation. ② In the study area, two points （0.1%） exceeded the soil pollution risk control value, and 49 points （1.6%） exceeded the soil pollution risk screening value. The risk indicators were mainly As, Cd, and Cr, and the overall soil condition was good. ③ From a regional point of view, the comprehensive ecological risk in the study area was low. Locally, Hg and Cd were the main pollution risk factors, among which the potential ecological risk of Hg was the largest, followed by that of Cd. ④ Correlation analysis showed that there were two groups of element combination sequences of Cd-Pb-Zn and Cu-Cr-Ni in the study area, and the elements in each sequence had homology. Hg was independent exogenous. ⑤ Source analysis showed that there were three different types of sources of heavy metals in the study area. Factor one was a composite source of natural and industrial emissions, Factor two was a natural source, and Factor three was a source of industrial and transportation emissions. In view of the above conclusions, it is suggested to strengthen the monitoring of natural sources and the blocking of human activity sources, so as to provide a scientific basis for the protection and restoration of the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. |
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