| 餐厨垃圾高温预处理堆肥修复镉铅污染土壤潜能及机制 |
| 摘要点击 517 全文点击 60 投稿时间：2024-04-17 修订日期：2024-06-04 |
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| 中文关键词 餐厨垃圾 高温预处理 堆肥 土壤修复 重金属钝化 |
| 英文关键词 food waste high-temperature pretreatment compost soil amendment heavy metal passivation |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探索餐厨垃圾高温预处理堆肥修复镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）污染土壤的潜能,采用高温预处理堆肥（HC）、传统堆肥（TC）和仅高温预处理餐厨垃圾（FW）复配无机钝化剂（石灰/沸石）进行室内钝化培养试验. 结果表明,HC与无机钝化剂配施（HLZ）组土壤Cd和Pb钝化效果最优,其钝化率分别为76.92%和86.29%,且残渣态较对照组（CK）分别增加了10.65%和19.94%. 傅里叶变换红外光谱结果显示,高温预处理能促进好氧堆肥过程有机质降解并提高有机肥腐殖化程度,产生更多羧酸类和羟基类物质络合Cd和Pb,进而降低其生物有效性和迁移性. HLZ组土壤pH值和电导率（EC）较CK分别显著提高28.23%和23.80%（P<0.05）,且HLZ组具有最高的有效氮磷钾养分含量（为CK的1.62、2.94和1.34倍）和脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性（为CK的7.17、2.09、1.83和8.36倍）. 值得注意的是,磷酸酶活性与Cd和Pb钝化率呈正相关（P<0.05）,高磷酸酶活性（23.83 mg·g-1·d-1）的HLZ组钝化重金属Cd和Pb及提高土壤生态功能的潜能更优. 土壤理化指标与重金属钝化效果的冗余分析结果表明,土壤pH、有效氮、有机质和EC显著影响Cd和Pb形态转化（P<0.01）. HLZ组土壤同时具有高pH、有效氮、有机质和EC,且有效氮含量和EC较各处理组显著提高（P<0.05）,这可能是HLZ修复Cd和Pb污染土壤潜能最优的主要原因. 研究结果为餐厨垃圾高温预处理堆肥产品的应用及重金属污染土壤修复提供了一条可行的途径. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To investigate the potential of high-temperature pretreatment composting of food waste for the amendment of cadmium （Cd） and lead （Pb）-contaminated soil, food waste subjected to high-temperature pretreatment composting （HC）, traditional composting （TC）, and only high-temperature pretreatment were combined with inorganic passivators （lime/zeolite） for an indoor passivation cultivation experiment. The results indicated that HC combined with the inorganic passivators group （HLZ） exhibited the most effective passivation potential for Cd and Pb in soil, achieving passivation rates of 76.92% and 86.29%, respectively. Additionally, the residual fraction of Cd and Pb in the soil increased by 10.65% and 19.94% compared to that of the control group （CK）. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that high-temperature pretreatment could facilitate the degradation of organic matter during aerobic composting, thereby improving the humification degree of organic fertilizer. As a result, the produced carboxylic acids and hydroxyl compounds were able to complex with more Cd and Pb ions, reducing their bioavailability and mobility. Moreover, the pH and electrical conductivity （EC） of the soil in the HLZ group significantly increased by 28.23% and 23.80%, respectively （P<0.05）. Furthermore, the HLZ group exhibited the highest levels of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients （1.62, 2.94, and 1.34 times higher than in CK）, as well as activities of urease, hydrogen peroxide enzyme, sucrase enzyme, and phosphatase enzyme （7.17, 2.09, 1.83, and 8.36 times higher than in CK）. Notably, phosphatase activity was positively correlated with the passivation rates of Cd and Pb （P<0.05）. The HLZ group, characterized by high phosphatase activity （23.83 mg·g-1·d-1）, exhibited greater potential in passivating heavy metals Cd and Pb and improving soil ecological functions. Redundancy analysis of soil physicochemical indicators and the passivation effect of heavy metals indicated that soil pH, available nitrogen, organic matter, and EC significantly influenced the transformation of Cd and Pb fractions （P<0.01）. The soil in the HLZ group possessed high pH, effective nitrogen, organic matter, and EC and particularly significantly higher levels of effective nitrogen content and EC compared to those in other treatment groups （P<0.05）, which could be the primary reason for the optimal potential of HLZ in the amendment of Cd and Pb-contaminated soils. This study provides a feasible application of high-temperature pretreatment compost products from food waste and the amendment of heavy metal-contaminated soil. |
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