| 微塑料在长三角典型流域地表水中的赋存特征、驱动因素及风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 657 全文点击 90 投稿时间：2024-04-05 修订日期：2024-06-03 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料（MPs） 流域地表水 赋存特征 网络分析 风险评估 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics （MPs） surface water occurrence patterns network analysis risk assessment |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 河流和湖泊是陆源微塑料（MPs）迁移转化及入海传输的重要渠道. 大量调查报道了不同流域MPs的污染特征,但鲜见研究通过网络分析及群落差异阐释MPs空间分布的驱动因子. 以长三角地区太湖、太浦河和黄浦江为研究对象,采用过滤消解-体式镜拣选-傅里叶变换显微红外光谱定性技术,从大流域尺度揭示MPs在地表水中的污染赋存和潜在风险. 结果表明,MPs在所有采样点被100%检出,其中MPs在太湖的丰度[（7 076±1 886） n·m-3]显著高于太浦河[（4 400±2 839） n·m-3]及黄浦江[（2 800±1 315） n·m-3]. MPs粒径主要集中在0.1~0.5 mm,以纤维状及透明、黑色为主. 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚苯乙烯（PS）和聚酰胺（PA）是主要的聚合物类型,分别占比59.5%、10.4%和8.67%. 相关性分析表明,MPs丰度与总氮（TN）及金属Co （R=0.436,P<0.05）、Cd （R=0.478,P<0.05）存在显著正相关,与铜（Cu） （R=-0.456,P<0.05）存在负相关. MPs丰度与采样点到工厂的距离呈显著负相关（R=-0.796,P<0.001）,工业点源排放对MPs的积累起到重要影响. 此外,共现性网络分析表明,TN与PS是水质、金属及微塑料群落的核心影响因子. 与长三角流域其他研究相比,太湖、太浦河及黄浦江地表水MPs的污染负荷指数1< PLIZONE <2,属于轻度污染,流域整体MPs的生态风险较低. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Rivers and lakes are important channels for the migration, transformation, and transportation of microplastics （MPs） pollution from land sources into the sea. A large number of studies have investigated the pollution characteristics of MPs in different watersheds, but little to none have considered the driving factors for spatial distribution based on network analysis. In this study, Taihu Lake, Taipu River, and Huangpu River in the Yangtze River Delta were selected as the target area. Microplastics were analyzed based on field sampling, stereomicroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. According to the results, MPs were 100% detected at all sampling sites. The abundance of MPs in the surface water of Taihu Lake [（7 076±1 886） n·m-3] was significantly higher than that of the Taipu River [（4 400±2 839） n·m-3] and the Huangpu River [（2 800±1 315） n·m-3], indicating a significant spatial distribution difference. The particle size of MPs was mainly distributed in the range of 0.1-0.5 mm, with transparent, black color, and fibers as the main MPs. Polyethylene terephthalate （PET）, polystyrene （PS）, and polyamide （PA） were the major contributors of polymers, accounting for 59.5%, 10.4%, and 8.67%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the MPs abundance was significantly positively correlated with total nitrogen （TN）, Co （R=0.436,P<0.05）, and Cd （R=0.478,P<0.05）, whereas they were negatively correlated with Cu （R=-0.456,P<0.05）. The MPs abundance was also significantly negatively correlated with the distance from sampling points to the factory area （R=-0.796, P<0.001）. Industrial point source emissions played an important role in the migration and occurrence of MPs. The co-occurrence patterns of MPs, metal elements, and water quality index were explored based on network analysis. TN and PS were the core influencing factors. Compared with other studies in the Yangtze River Delta, the risk pollution load index of surface water MPs in the watershed was 1<PLIZONE<2, which was characterized as light pollution. The overall ecological risk of MPs in the surface water of the research basin was relatively low. |
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