| 包头市室内灰尘中金属元素的污染特征及健康风险 |
| 摘要点击 1092 全文点击 122 投稿时间：2024-02-21 修订日期：2024-05-11 |
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| 中文关键词 室内灰尘 金属元素 污染水平 来源 健康风险 |
| 英文关键词 house dust metal elements pollution level sources health risks |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王靖雯 | 内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院, 蒙古高原气候变化与区域响应自治区高等学校重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010022 | 3198583443@qq.com | | 周海军 | 内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院, 蒙古高原气候变化与区域响应自治区高等学校重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010022 | hjzhou@imnu.edu.cn | | 吕杨超 | 内蒙古自治区环境监测总站呼和浩特分站, 呼和浩特 010030 | | | 孙冰 | 内蒙古自治区环境监测总站呼和浩特分站, 呼和浩特 010030 | | | 付晓涛 | 内蒙古自治区环境监测总站呼和浩特分站, 呼和浩特 010030 | | | 春喜 | 内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院, 蒙古高原气候变化与区域响应自治区高等学校重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010022 | | | 万志强 | 内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院, 蒙古高原气候变化与区域响应自治区高等学校重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010022 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为了解重工业城市室内灰尘中金属元素对人类健康的潜在影响,在包头市4个主城区的46个居民小区采集了室内灰尘样品,分析了13种金属元素含量,研究了金属元素的污染特征、来源和健康风险. 结果表明,Pb、As、Cu、Fe、Cd、Cr、Ni和Zn等人为来源相关元素富集因子和地累积指数较高,污染程度较大. 与钢铁冶炼排放有关的元素（Fe、Mn、Cr和V）的含量、富集因子和地累积指数均呈现；昆都仑区>青山区>九原区>东河区,与距钢铁冶炼企业的直线距离呈负相关关系. 主成分分析共识别出钢铁冶炼源、自然源、有色金属冶炼源、交通源和燃煤源这5种来源,其中钢铁冶炼和自然源是包头市室内灰尘中金属元素的主要来源. 风险评价结果表明,经口摄入和皮肤接触是包头市室内灰尘中金属元素健康风险的主要暴露途径,呼吸吸入途径的风险可忽略不计. 虽然所有单个金属元素对成人和儿童均无非致癌风险,但是所有元素的综合作用对儿童存在一定的非致癌风险. Ni、As和Cr对成人和儿童均存在一定致癌风险. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To understand the potential impact of metal elements in house dust in heavy industrial cities on human health, house dust samples were collected from 46 residential quarters of four urban districts of Baotou city. The contents of 13 metal elements were determined, and the pollution characteristics, sources, and health risks of metal elements were analyzed. The results showed that the enrichment factors and geo-accumulation indices of anthropogenic metals （Pb, As, Cu, Fe, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn） were extremely high, indicating a high pollution degree. The concentrations, enrichment factors, and geo-accumulation indices of iron smelting-related elements （Fe, Mn, Cr, and V） were in the order of Kundulun district > Qingshan district > Jiuyuan district > Donghe district, which was negatively correlated with the distance from the large iron smelting enterprise. Principal component analysis identified five sources： the iron and steel smelting source, natural source, nonferrous metal smelting source, traffic source, and coal combustion, among which iron and steel smelting and natural sources were the major sources of metal elements in house dust in Baotou. The results of health risk assessment suggested that ingestion and dermal contact were the major exposure pathways of metal elements in house dust in Baotou. The influence of the inhalation pathway could be ignored. All individual metal elements had no carcinogenic risk to adults or children. However, the combined action of all elements posed a certain non-carcinogenic risk to children. Ni, As, and Cr had carcinogenic health risks to both adults and children. |
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