| 基于车载测试的国Ⅴ国Ⅵ柴油车尾气PM2.5中多环芳烃及其衍生物排放特征 |
| 摘要点击 964 全文点击 110 投稿时间：2024-03-16 修订日期：2024-05-08 |
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| 中文关键词 柴油车 排放因子 多环芳烃（PAHs） 含氧多环芳烃（OPAHs） 硝基多环芳烃（NPAHs） 国Ⅵ排放标准 漯河 |
| 英文关键词 diesel vehicle emission factor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （OPAHs） nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （NPAHs） China Ⅵ emission standards Luohe |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 柴油车尾气排放是PM2.5的主要来源之一,其上载带的多环芳烃因其重要的健康影响而得到广泛关注. 为了更好地研究柴油车排放污染物的毒性,通过车载实验采集了6辆国Ⅴ和国Ⅵ排放标准的轻型和重型载货柴油车的尾气PM2.5样品,使用GC-MS分析了其中16种母体多环芳烃（pPAHs）、18种硝基多环芳烃（NPAHs）和5种含氧多环芳烃（OPAHs）的质量,并计算了基于行驶里程的排放因子（EFs）. 结果表明,随排放标准提升,国Ⅵ轻型载货柴油车排放PM2.5中pPAHs、NPAHs和OPAHs的EFs[（217.92±109.92）、（5.21±2.51）和（10.74±5.99） μg·km-1]分别较国Ⅴ车下降了63%、55%和66%. 同一排放标准下,重型载货柴油车3类PAHs的排放因子约为轻型载货柴油车的12~15倍,主要与重型柴油车油耗大更易不完全燃烧有关. 随累计行驶里程增加,柴油车PAHs及其衍生物的排放因子均呈增加趋势,与发动机磨损增加、燃烧效率降低有关. 菲（Phe）和芴酮（9-FO）分别是柴油车含量最高的pPAHs和OPAHs组分,NPAHs则以5硝基苊烯（5N-Ace）和2硝基+3硝基荧蒽（2N +3N-Flt）为主. 苯并（a）芘（BaP）等效毒性结果显示,受排放技术改进影响,国Ⅵ柴油车毒性较国Ⅴ车显著下降. 排放量结果显示,漯河市3种主要车型柴油车排放了1 965 kg pPAHs、33 kg NPAHs和105 kg OPAHs,均主要来自国Ⅴ重型柴油车的贡献,需要加强该车型的管控. 研究结果可为漯河市当地制定PAHs排放管控对策提供技术依据,同时也对保护人体健康具有重要意义. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Exhaust emissions from diesel vehicles are one among the major sources of PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） emitted by diesel vehicles are of concern due to their notable impact on health. To better understand the toxicity of diesel vehicle emissions, we used an on-road sampling system to collect PM2.5 samples from four light-duty diesel trucks （LDDTs） and two heavy-duty diesel trucks （HDDTs） under the China Ⅴ and China Ⅵ emission standard. Further, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （pPAHs）, 18 nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （NPAHs）, and five oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （OPAHs） were analyzed by GC-MS, and mileage-based emission factors were calculated. The results showed that a decrease in emission factors （EFs） of PM2.5-bound pPAHs, NPAHs, and OPAHs was observed with improved emission standards. The EFs of pPAHs, NPAHs, and OPAHs from LDDTs of the China Ⅵ emission standard were （217.92±109.92）, （5.21±2.51）, and （10.74±5.99） μg·km-1, respectively, which were reduced by 63%, 55%, and 66% compared to those with China Ⅴ. Due to incomplete combustion, higher emission factors （EFs） were observed for HDDTs than for LDDTs with the same emission standard （China Ⅴ）. The EFs of PM2.5-bound pPAHs, NPAHs, and OPAHs emitted from the diesel vehicles were higher with increasing mileages, which was related to increased engine wear. Phenanthrene and fluorenone were the most abundant pPAHs and OPAHs components, while 5-nitro acenaphthene and 2-nitro fluoranthrene + 3-nitro fluoranthrene were the major NPAHs components. The benzo （a） pyrene equivalent toxicity （BaPeq） of pPAHs, NPAHs, and OPAHs of China Ⅵ vehicles was significantly reduced compared to that of China Ⅴ vehicles, which might be related to improvements in exhaust technology. The emission results showed that the diesel vehicles of the three largest-amount models in Luohe City emitted 1 965 kg pPAHs, 33 kg NPAHs, and 105 kg OPAHs, respectively. The emissions of PAHs and their derivatives were mainly from the China V heavy-duty diesel vehicles, suggesting the need to strengthen the control of this model. The results of this study will be valuable for formulating more stringent regulations and emission control technologies for PAHs and their derivatives and for the protection of human health. |
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