| 大汶河流域浅层地下水水化学特征与水质类型识别 |
| 摘要点击 1102 全文点击 214 投稿时间：2024-03-04 修订日期：2024-04-28 |
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| 中文关键词 大汶河流域 水化学特征 水质评价 劣质水 熵权水质指数（EWQI） 人类活动影响 |
| 英文关键词 Dawen River Basin hydrochemical characterization water quality assessment poor quality water entropy-weighted water quality index （EWQI） anthropogenic impacts |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 地下水化学特征和水质受到天然地质条件和人类活动双重影响. 以大汶河流域为研究对象,通过野外调查和采样,分析水化学特征及其影响因素,运用熵权水质指数（EWQI）对水质进行评价,运用水化学异常识别方法区分人类活动对地下水水质的影响程度,然后将两种评价方式耦合,对地下水水质类型进行识别. 结果表明,大汶河流域地下水阴阳离子分别以HCO3-和Ca2+为主,地下水中TH、TDS、NO3-和SO42-浓度超标率较高,地下水化学类型以HCO3·SO4-Ca、HCO3·Cl-Ca和HCO3·SO4·Cl-Ca型为主,地下水化学组分受水岩相互作用和人类活动多重影响. 熵权水质指数（EWQI）结果显示地下水质量Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类占比为10.71%和36.91%,地下水质量Ⅲ类占比为41.67%,Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类水占比为5.95%和4.76%,流域上游至下游的水质状况逐渐变差,裂隙水和岩溶水水质优于孔隙水. 水化学识别人类活动影响程度较大的区域主要分布在下游东平县及东平湖区域,中游宁阳县和文阳镇,上游泉沟镇和禹村镇,人类活动主要集中在流域地势低平的地方. 上述两种评价结果具有较强的正相关性,相关性系数为0.588. 结合熵权水质指数（EWQI）与人类活动影响程度两种评价方法,将地下水保护治理状态分为保护型、防控型和治理型这3类,可以弥补单一评价方法对水质类型识别不全面,而且对区分天然地质条件下的劣质水和人类活动造成的劣质水有借鉴意义. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Groundwater chemical characteristics and water quality are affected by both natural geological conditions and human activities. Taking the Dawen River Basin as the research object, we analyzed the hydrochemical characteristics and their influencing factors through field investigation and sampling, evaluated the water quality by applying the entropy-weighted water quality index （EWQI）, distinguished the degree of influence of human activities on the groundwater quality by applying the method of identifying hydrochemical anomalies, and then coupled the two evaluating methods to identify the types of groundwater water quality. The results showed that the anions and cations of groundwater in the Dawen River Basin were dominated by HCO3- and Ca2+, respectively, and the exceedance rates of TH, TDS, SO42-, and NO3- concentrations in the groundwater were high； the groundwater chemistry types were dominated by HCO3·SO4-Ca, HCO3·Cl-Ca, and HCO3·SO4·Cl-Ca types； and the chemical components of the groundwater were affected by the interaction between the water and rocks. The chemical components of groundwater were affected by water-rock interactions and human activities. The EWQI results showed that the proportions of groundwater quality classes I and II were 10.71% and 36.91%, respectively； the proportion of groundwater quality class III was 41.67%； and the proportions of class IV and V water were 5.95% and 4.76%, respectively. The water quality condition from the upstream to the downstream of the basin was getting worse, and the quality of fissure water and karst water was better than that of pore water. The areas where water chemistry identified a greater degree of anthropogenic influence were mainly located in the downstream Dongping County and Dongping Lake, in the middle reaches of the river in Ningyang County and Wenyang Town, and in the upper reaches of the river in Quangou and Yucun Towns, where human activities were mainly concentrated in the watershed's low-lying terrain. The above two evaluation results had a strong positive correlation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.588. Combining the two evaluation methods of EWQI and the degree of influence of human activities, the state of groundwater protection and management was classified into three categories： protection, prevention, control and management, which could make up for the fact that the single evaluation method was incomplete in identifying the type of water quality. Moreover, it is useful to differentiate between poor-quality water under natural geological conditions and poor-quality water caused by human activities. |
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