| 汉江上游农田土壤微塑料与重金属污染特征及生态风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 1244 全文点击 171 投稿时间：2024-01-24 修订日期：2024-04-08 |
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| 中文关键词 汉江上游 农田土壤 微塑料（MPs） 重金属 分布特征 风险评价 |
| 英文关键词 upper Hanjiang River farmland soils microplastics （MPs） heavy metals distribution characteristics risk assessment |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为研究汉江上游农田土壤中微塑料与重金属的污染问题,对该区域农田土壤中微塑料和重金属的污染状况及其分布特征进行系统分析,采用潜在生态风险指数（RI）等评价方法评估该区域农田土壤污染物风险等级,并运用聚类分析和相关性分析方法对污染物的来源进行解析. 结果表明：① 研究区域土壤中微塑料丰度范围为360~6 300 n·kg-1,平均丰度为2 300.73 n·kg-1,形状以薄膜为主（占比为50.00%）；粒径以<0.5 mm为主（占比为64.31%）；塑料聚合物类型有聚丙烯（PP）、聚乙烯（PE）、聚酰胺（PA）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）和聚苯乙烯（PS）；扫描电镜分析发现,微塑料具有粗糙、多孔、裂痕和撕裂的表观特征. ② 研究区域土壤中测定的10种重金属中（V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb）,Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的含量平均值超过陕西省土壤元素背景值,分别为背景值的1.28、1.15、1.91和1.34倍；其余重金属含量均低于背景值；在测所有重金属含量均未超出土壤环境质量标准中污染风险筛选值. ③ 研究区域土壤微塑料的污染程度为中度,风险等级为Ⅱ级；重金属污染呈现低生态风险等级,二者的复合效应需引起重视. ④ 相关性分析及聚类分析结果表明,土壤中微塑料与重金属Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb含量存在显著相关；两类污染物来源主要有农业-交通源、自然-农业源和自然-工业源. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To investigate the pollution of microplastics and heavy metals from farmland soils in the upper Han River, the pollution status and distribution characteristics of pollutants were systematically analyzed. The risk level of pollutants was evaluated using methods such as the potential ecological risk index （RI）. Source apportionment was identified using correlation analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that ① The abundance of microplastics in farmland soils in the upper Hanjiang River ranged from 360 to 6 300 n·kg-1, with an average abundance of 2 300.73 n·kg-1； the shapes were mainly films （50.00%）； and the majority of the particle sizes were less than 0.5 mm （64.31%）. Polymers of microplastics were PP, PE, PA, PET, and PS. SEM analysis revealed that the surface of microplastics was characterized as rough, porous, cracked, and torn. ② Within the ten heavy metals （V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb） that were measured, the average concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were higher than the background values by 1.28, 1.15, 1.91, and 1.34 times, respectively, while the other metals were lower than the background values, and none of the heavy metals exceeded the screening values for pollution risks in the soil environmental quality standard. ③ The study area had moderate microplastic pollution, with a risk level of Ⅱ, and low ecological risk from heavy metal pollution. The compound effect of microplastics and heavy metals needs to be assessed. ④ A significant correlation was observed between microplastics and the content of heavy metals Cr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb in farmland soils. The sources of pollutants were agricultural-traffic sources, natural-agricultural sources, and natural-industrial sources. |
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