| 施用粪肥旱地农田土壤中抗生素的吸附与迁移规律 |
| 摘要点击 1157 全文点击 154 投稿时间：2023-12-28 修订日期：2024-04-09 |
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| 中文关键词 土壤 粪肥 抗生素 吸附 迁移 |
| 英文关键词 soil manure antibiotics sorption transport |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 吸附和迁移是抗生素在土壤中的重要环境行为,能够决定粪肥源抗生素在环境中的去向,然而以长期施用粪肥土壤为对象的相关研究却较为缺乏.因此,以浙江省长期施用不同粪肥（鸡粪和猪粪）的红壤、黄壤以及石灰土为对象,通过批量平衡吸附实验和填装土柱穿透实验,研究4种常用兽用抗生素（磺胺二甲基嘧啶、氟苯尼考、强力霉素和恩诺沙星）在土壤中吸附和迁移行为.结果表明,线性和 Freundlich 模型均能较好地拟合目标抗生素的等温吸附线；线性模型对弱吸附性抗生素（磺胺二甲基嘧啶和氟苯尼考）的拟合效果更好,而 Freundlich 模型对强吸附性抗生素（强力霉素和恩诺沙星）的拟合效果则更好.抗生素的吸附特征受到土壤类型和粪肥种类的双重影响.磺胺二甲基嘧啶和氟苯尼考的线性吸附常数 （Kd） 与土壤有机碳含量、pH 值均呈显著的线性正相关,其吸附主要受控于土壤有机质,非静电作用（氢键、疏水相互作用等）在吸附中起主导作用；强力霉素和恩诺沙星的吸附参数则与土壤pH、有机碳含量和阳离子交换量均未表现出显著的相关性,多种吸附机制（疏水相互作用、氢键、静电相互作用等）共同起作用.磺胺二甲基嘧啶和氟苯尼考在土柱中表现出高穿透率（分别在 37.5%~92.3% 和 45.8%~112.6% 范围内）,易于淋失；强力霉素和恩诺沙星在土柱中则未发生穿透,几乎完全为土壤所滞留.磺胺二甲基嘧啶和氟苯尼考的最大相对浓度、穿透率均与 Kd 呈显著的线性负相关,因此,利用基于批量平衡实验和土柱实验建立的回归方程,可由吸附常数预测抗生素淋失潜力. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Sorption and transport are important environmental behaviors of antibiotics in soils and can determine the fate of antibiotics in environments； however, limited relevant studies have been conducted on long-term manured soils. In this study, batch and repacked soil column experiments were conducted to examine the sorption and transport behavior of four veterinary antibiotics, including sulfamethazine （SMT）, florfenicol （FFC）, doxycycline （DOX）, and enrofloxacin （ENR）, in red soils, yellow soils, and calcareous soils with long-term amendment of chicken or pig manure collected in Zhejiang Province. The results showed that the sorption isothermal data of the four target antibiotics all conformed well to the linear and Freundlich models. The performance of the linear model was better for the weakly-sorbing antibiotics （SMT and FFC）, whereas the performance of the Freundlich model was better for the strongly-sorbing antibiotics （DOX and ENR）. The sorption of target antibiotics was governed by both soil and manure types. The linear sorption parameter （Kd） of SMT and FFC were positively related to the organic carbon content and pH of soils, and their sorption was mainly controlled by soil organic matter, indicating that non-electrostatic interactions （e.g., hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions） played dominant roles in their sorption to the soils. Contrastingly, DOX and ENR did not show significant relationships with soil pH, organic carbon content, and cation exchange capacity, indicating that multiple mechanisms （e.g., hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions） worked jointly in their sorption into the soils. SMT and FFC exhibited high recoveries of breakthrough curves （in ranges of 37.5%-92.3% and 45.8%-112.6%, respectively） in column transport experiments, reflecting their high leaching potentials. Contrastingly, no soil column breakthrough of DOX and ENR was observed, reflecting that the injected antibiotics were completely retained inside the soil columns. The maximum relative concentrations and breakthrough recoveries of SMT and FFC showed significant negative linear relationships with Kd. This indicates that the leaching potential of antibiotics can be predicted from sorption parameters using the regression equations established by batch and column experiments. |
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