| 清水河水体主要水化学离子分布特征及成因机制 |
| 摘要点击 1174 全文点击 222 投稿时间：2023-12-31 修订日期：2024-02-19 |
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| 中文关键词 地表水 水化学 环境同位素 PMF模型 成因机制 |
| 英文关键词 surface water hydrochemistry environmental isotopes PMF model formation mechanism |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 清水河是张家口市居民生活和工业生产的重要水源,厘定清水河水体主要水化学离子成因机制,对地表水资源的可持续开发利用具有重要现实意义.于2022年7月在清水河农业区河段和城市区河段共采集20组地表水样品,在检测主要水化学离子和稳定同位素（δ2H-H2O和δ18O-H2O）基础上,利用水文地球化学方法、多元统计分析和正定矩阵因子分解模型（PMF）从定性至定量角度综合揭示了地表水化学成因机制.结果表明,清水河水体pH均值为8.66,呈弱碱性水.水体中阳离子平均浓度顺序为：Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>K+>NH4+,阴离子平均浓度顺序为：HCO3->SO42->NO3->Cl->F->NO2-,主要水化学类型为HCO3-Ca·Mg水.就自然背景,地表河水主要受岩石风化和蒸发结晶作用共同控制,且岩石风化为主导作用,碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩溶解控制着地表水主要水化学离子.就人类活动,农业区部分水体受过量施肥影响,出现NO3-浓度（1.88~47.4 mg·L-1）超标现象（10 mg·L-1）,城市区水体受工业废水排放影响,城南水体出现F-浓度（0.38~1.92 mg·L-1）超标现象（1.0 mg·L-1）.定量解析结果表明,农业区水体主要受农业施肥（29.6%）、牲畜粪便（16.4%）、岩石风化（17.4%）和原生地质（13.7%）4种因素控制,而城市区水体受生活污染（30.5%）、工业污染（20.1%）、原生地质（18.4%）和岩石风化（16.7%）影响较大. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Qingshui River is a vital source for human life and industrial production in Zhangjiakou City. Determination of the formation mechanism of the main hydrochemical ions is important for the sustainable development and utilization of surface water resources in the Qingshui River. In view of this, 20 surface water samples were collected from the agricultural and urban reaches of the Qingshui River in July 2022. Based on the detection of hydrochemical ions and stable isotopes （δ2H-H2O and δ18O-H2O）, the hydrogeochemical methods, multivariate statistical analysis, and positive matrix factorization model （PMF） were used to comprehensively understand the chemical formation mechanism of surface water from qualitative to quantitative perspectives. The results showed that the average pH value in the Qingshui River was 8.66, indicating weakly alkaline water. The average concentrations of cations and anions decreased in the orders of Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ > NH4+ and HCO3- > SO42- > NO3- > Cl- > F- > NO2- in the river water, respectively. The main hydrochemical type was identified as HCO3-Ca·Mg water. For the natural background, surface water was mainly controlled by rock weathering and evaporation crystallization and rock weathering was identified as the primary driving factor. The main hydrochemical compositions in the Qingshui River were derived from the dissolution of carbonate rocks and silicate rocks. Regarding anthropogenic activities, the portions of river water in the agricultural reaches were mainly affected by the excessive application of chemical fertilizers. Furthermore, the concentration of NO3- （1.88-47.4 mg·L-1） exceeded the standard for drinking purposes （10 mg·L-1）. The concentration of F- （0.38-1.92 mg·L-1） was above the acceptable limit for drinking purposes （1.0 mg·L-1） in the southern urban reaches portion of the river water, which could have been attributed to the industrial sewage discharge. The obtained results from the PMF model showed that the hydrochemical compositions in the river water of agricultural reaches were mainly controlled by four factors, namely synthetic fertilizers （29.6%）, livestock manure （16.4%）, rock weathering （17.4%）, and natural geology （13.7%）, while hydrochemical compositions in the river water of urban reaches were mainly affected by the domestic pollutants （30.5%）, industrial discharges （20.1%）, natural geology （18.4%）, and rock weathering （16.7%）. |
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