微塑料在水处理工艺中的分离去除及研究进展 |
摘要点击 1644 全文点击 361 投稿时间:2023-09-27 修订日期:2024-01-12 |
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中文关键词 微塑料(MPs) 水处理 分布 污水处理厂(WWTPs) 饮用水厂(DWTPs) |
英文关键词 microplastics (MPs) water treatment distribution waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) |
作者 | 单位 | E-mail | 柴怡然 | 北京师范大学环境学院, 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875 | 202221180080@mail.bnu.edu.cn | 徐慧捷 | 北京师范大学环境学院, 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875 | | 高柯玄 | 北京师范大学环境学院, 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875 | | 杨禹 | 北京师范大学环境学院, 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875 | yangyu@bnu.edu.cn | 侯立安 | 北京师范大学环境学院, 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875 中国人民解放军 96911部队, 北京 100011 | houla@cae.cn |
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中文摘要 |
以微塑料(MPs)的污染现状为出发点,综合分析了微塑料在我国主要水体中的分布,评价了水厂各处理单元和组合工艺对不同形态MPs的去除效率和机制,阐述了MPs颜色、尺寸、形状和材料与去除效果的关系. 结果发现,水环境中的MPs丰度具有地域差异性,与人类活动密切相关. 在我国水环境和水厂中纤维状和透明(白)色的微塑料占比最大,聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)和聚苯乙烯(PS)是水环境中微塑料的主要成分. 水厂的不同处理工艺对微塑料的去除差异显著,污水处理厂预处理和一级处理对MPs的去除率贡献最大,二级处理中二沉池的去除效果远好于生物处理过程,以膜为核心的三级处理对MPs的终端控制效果显著,而曝气及水动力学作用有可能增加微塑料的丰度. 饮用水厂混凝-沉淀工艺对MPs的去除率贡献最大,其次是过滤和消毒工艺,预处理与后处理也会对MPs的去除有一定贡献. |
英文摘要 |
In this review, we comprehensively analyzed the distribution of microplastics (MPs) in major water ecosystems in China and the fate of MPs during the water treatment process. The removal efficiency of MPs with different colors, sizes, shapes, and materials was also discussed. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the aquatic environment was geographically variable and closely related to human activities. Fibrous and transparent (white) microplastics were the most common features in China's water ecosystems and water treatment plants, with polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS) being the most common polymer types of microplastics. The removal efficiency of MPs varied from different treatment processes significantly. Pre-treatment and primary treatment in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contributed the most to the removal. In the secondary treatment, the sedimentation tank showed more efficiency than the biological treatment processes. Tertiary treatment processes demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in achieving terminal control of MPs, especially membrane technologies. On the contrary, aeration and hydrodynamic effects may have increased the abundance of MPs in WWTPs. In drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), coagulation-sedimentation processes were found to be the most effective in removing MPs, followed by filtration and disinfection processes. Further, both pre-treatment and post-treatment steps also made significant contributions to MPs removal. |
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