| 基于酶化学计量法探究有机无机肥配施调控果园土壤微生物碳、磷代谢机制 |
| 摘要点击 2117 全文点击 763 投稿时间：2022-11-01 修订日期：2022-12-06 |
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| 中文关键词 碳和磷限制 碳利用效率 酶活性及化学计量 微生物代谢 土壤理化性质 |
| 英文关键词 C and P limitation carbon use efficiency enzymatic activity and stoichiometry microbial metabolism soil physical and chemical properties |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 吕凤莲 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | lvfenglian1126@163.com | | 梁凯霖 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | | | 吉冰洁 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | | | 郑朝霞 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学苹果试验站, 白水 715600 | | | 赵志远 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学苹果试验站, 白水 715600 | | | 李利敏 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | | | 李紫燕 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学苹果试验站, 白水 715600 | | | 郑伟 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学苹果试验站, 白水 715600 | zheng_wei@nwafu.edu.cn | | 翟丙年 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学苹果试验站, 白水 715600 | bingnianzhaitg@126.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 土壤微生物的C、N、P养分需求和代谢限制与环境养分的有效性有着密切关系.然而，有机无机肥配施如何影响苹果园土壤微生物C、N、P代谢限制亟待进一步研究.因此，基于2008年建立的苹果园长期定位试验，应用土壤酶化学计量学理论与方法，系统研究有机无机肥配施对土壤C、N和P周转相关的酶活性（β-1，4-葡萄糖苷酶，BG；β-1，4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶，NAG；L-亮氨酸氨基肽酶，LAP；碱性磷酸酶，PHOS）及其化学计量特征的影响，并分析其与环境因子和微生物碳利用率之间的关系.试验共设4个处理，分别为不施肥（CK）、单施氮磷钾化肥（NPK）、单施有机肥（M）和化肥配施有机肥（MNPK）.结果表明：①在果树各生育期，施用有机肥处理（MNPK和M）的微生物量碳（microC）含量显著高于不施有机肥处理（CK和NPK）；微生物量氮（microN）含量，在萌芽期NPK、MNPK和M处理比CK处理分别增加了89%、269%和213%（P<0.05）.②CK处理在萌芽期有较高的叶片ω（N）和ω（P）（29.8 g ·kg-1和2.17 g ·kg-1），并且仅果树萌芽期的叶片P含量与土壤有效磷（AP）含量呈显著负相关.③土壤酶化学计量分析的所有数据点均在1 ：1线以上，表现为微生物群落存在较强的P限制；果树生长期，矢量长度和角度的变化范围分别为0.56~0.79和59.3°~67.7°，且研究中矢量角度均>45°，也体现了微生物存在较强的磷限制.④RDA和随机森林模型分析结果表明，有机碳和速效氮（AN）是影响矢量长度的主要理化因子，AP、AN和土壤含水量是影响矢量角度的主要理化因子；SEM分析表明，AN和可溶性有机碳（DOC）直接影响microC和microN，AP直接影响microP和microN，DOC和AP直接影响矢量长度，AP和microN直接影响矢量角度；微生物碳利用率与矢量长度呈显著正相关，与矢量角度呈显著负相关.综上所述，有机无机肥配施通过影响果树不同生育期土壤碳和磷含量，调控微生物碳、磷代谢进而影响微生物碳利用率，为有机无机肥配施提升土壤质量、维持土壤健康提供科学依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Soil microbial carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) nutrient requirements and metabolic limitations are closely related to the availability of environmental nutrients. However, it is unclear how manure and chemical fertilization shift nutrient limitations for microbes in terms of the soil enzymatic stoichiometry in an apple orchard. Therefore, based on the long-term experiment located in an apple orchard established in 2008, this study applied the theory and method of soil enzyme stoichiometry to systematically investigate the effects of the combined application of manure and chemical fertilizers on soil C, N, and P turnover-related enzyme activities (β-1,4-glucosidase, BG; leucine aminopeptidase, NAG; β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, LAP; and acid or alkaline phosphatase, PHOS) and their stoichiometric characteristics and analyzed their relationships with environmental factors and microbial carbon use efficiency. The experiment was designed with four treatments, such as, no fertilization input as the control (CK), single application of chemical fertilizer (NPK), combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer (MNPK), and single application of manure (M). The results revealed that:① at different growth stages of fruit trees, the soil microbial biomass C (microC) content of manure fertilizer treatments (MNPK and M) was significantly higher than that of no manure fertilizer treatments (CK and NPK). The content of microbial biomass N (microN) in the NPK, MNPK, and M treatments increased by 89%, 269%, and 213%, respectively, compared with that in CK (P<0.05). ② Compared with those in the fertilization treatments, CK had higher leaf N and P contents (29.8 g·kg-1 and 2.17 g·kg-1) at the germination stage, and the leaf P content at the germination stage alone was significantly negatively correlated with soil available phosphorus (AP) content. ③ Soil enzyme stoichiometry analysis demonstrated that all data points in this study were above the 1:1 line, indicating that microbial communities had a strong phosphorus limitation. The range of vector length and angle was 0.56-0.79 and 59.3°-67.7°, respectively, in the growth period of fruit trees, and the vector angle was >45° in this study, which also reflected the strong phosphorus limitation of microorganisms. ④ RDA and random forest model analysis showed that organic carbon and available nitrogen (AN) were the main physical and chemical factors affecting vector length; AP, AN, and soil water content were the main physical and chemical factors affecting vector angle. Combined with SEM analysis, AN and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) directly affected microC and microN, AP directly affected microP and microN, DOC and AP directly affected vector length, and AP and microN directly affected vector angle. In addition, microbial carbon utilization was positively correlated with vector length and negatively correlated with vector angle. In summary, the combined application of manure and chemical fertilizers regulated microbial carbon and phosphorus metabolism by affecting soil carbon and phosphorus content at different growth stages of fruit trees, thereby affecting microbial carbon utilization. This study provides a scientific basis for manure and chemical fertilizers to improve soil quality and maintain soil health. |
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