| 青岛近海不同天气下生物气溶胶中细菌浓度及存活率分布特征 |
| 摘要点击 1743 全文点击 1635 投稿时间：2022-02-12 修订日期：2022-04-21 |
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| 中文关键词 生物气溶胶|细菌|季节分布|雾天|霾天|沙尘天 |
| 英文关键词 bioaerosols|bacteria|seasonal distribution|fog|haze|dust |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 细菌是大气生物气溶胶中最丰富、分布最广的微生物.利用FA-1撞击式生物采样器连续采集了2020年9月至2021年8月青岛近海大气生物气溶胶分级样品,并利用BacLightTM试剂染色-荧光显微镜计数方法测定了死/活细菌浓度,分析其浓度与粒径的季节分布特征,并研究了雾、霾和沙尘等特殊天气对细菌浓度及粒径分布的影响.结果表明,采样期间青岛近海生物气溶胶中细菌浓度为(1.06±0.68)×105 cells·m-3,其中活细菌和死细菌浓度分别为(8.20±4.88)×103 cells·m-3和(9.74±6.72)×104 cells·m-3.细菌浓度分布具有季节差异,死细菌浓度春季、冬季最高,夏季最低;活细菌浓度则变现为春季最高,夏季和秋季较低,冬季最低.生物气溶胶中细菌浓度随月份存在变化,死细菌月均浓度最高值和最低值分别出现在2021年春季3月和夏季6月,而活细菌月均浓度最高值则出现在2021年春季5月,最低值在2020年冬季12月.研究发现活细菌浓度与温度呈显著正相关,与NO2、SO2和CO呈显著负相关;而死细菌与PM显著正相关.大气中细菌的粒径分布随季节和月份的变化,呈现双峰分布、单峰分布以及近似偏态分布.沙尘天死活细菌浓度显著高于晴天、雾天和霾天,但由于长距离传输,细菌存活率很低,仅为6.85%.霾天由于人为污染严重,细菌存活率最低,为4.10%.高湿度雾天细菌存活率最高为16.26%.不同污染天下细菌粒径分布均呈双峰分布,但峰值随天气类型而有所差异. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Bacteria are the most abundant microorganisms in atmospheric bioaerosols, widely distributed in the environment. Bioaerosol samples were collected using the FA-1 impact sampler from October 2013 to January 2021 in the coastal city of Qingdao, and samples stained with a BacLightTM bacterial viability kit were used to measure the concentrations of viable and non-viable bacteria with an epifluorescence microscope. The viable and non-viable bacteria in bioaerosols were characterized during different seasons, with particular attention paid to the distribution characteristics of bacteria on foggy, hazy, and dust days. The results showed that the mean concentrations of total bacteria were (1.06±0.68)×105 cells·m-3 in Qingdao during the sampling period, and those of viable and non-viable bacteria were (8.20±4.88)×103 cells·m-3and (9.74±6.72)×104 cells·m-3, respectively. The seasonal concentrations of non-viable bacteria were the highest in spring and winter and the lowest in summer, whereas that of viable bacteria was highest in spring, followed by those in summer and autumn, and the lowest in winter. Atmospheric bacterial concentrations fluctuated with by month, and total bacteria presented a similar variation pattern with that of non-viable bacteria. The monthly average concentration of non-viable bacteria showed the highest value in March during the spring and the lowest in June during the summer in 2021, whereas the highest value for viable bacteria occurred in May during the spring in 2021 and the lowest in December during the winter in 2020. Viable bacteria concentrations were significantly positively correlated with temperature and significantly negatively correlated with NO2, SO2, and CO. Non-viable bacteria were significantly positively correlated with PM. The bacteria in bioaerosol particles showed bimodal, unimodal, and skewed size distributions, varying with season and month. Under different weather conditions, the concentration of non-viable bacteria on dusty days was significantly higher than that on sunny, foggy, or hazy days, but the bacteria viability was as low as 6.85% due to long-distance transport. Anthropogenic pollution resulted in the lowest viability of bacteria at 4.10% on hazy days, whereas the highest viability in bacteria was 16.26% on foggy days due to high humidity. The size distribution of bacteria in bioaerosol particles under different pollution days showed a bimodal distribution, and the peak size depended on the weather type. |
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