| 2011~2019年鄱阳湖水质演化特征及主要污染因子解析 |
| 摘要点击 1886 全文点击 1777 投稿时间：2021-12-22 修订日期：2022-04-11 |
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| 中文关键词 水质演化 综合污染指数 富营养化 污染源解析 鄱阳湖 |
| 英文关键词 water quality evolution comprehensive pollution index eutrophication pollution source identification Poyang Lake |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 基于2011~2019年鄱阳湖17个国控监测点位的水质数据，采用综合污染指数、综合营养状态指数和蔚蓝城市水质指数法分析了各湖区的水质时空演变特征与趋势，利用主成分分析法对湖区的主要影响因素进行探索，综合评价"十二五"和"十三五"时期鄱阳湖的水质变化及其演变规律.结果表明：①在时间上，2011~2015年鄱阳湖水质呈下降趋势；2016~2019年鄱阳湖水质总体呈向好趋势但富营化现象依然存在；各年水质状况具有明显的水期变化特征且波动明显，主要表现为：丰水期>平水期>枯水期.②在空间上，2011~2015年各湖区的综合污染指数均呈上升趋势，蔚蓝城市水质指数等级以一般为主；2016~2019年各湖区整体呈向好趋势，东北湖湖区水质改善明显；2011~2019年主湖湖区水质状况波动最为显著，南湖湖区相较于其他湖区水质污染情况最为严重.③从影响因素来看，2011~2019年鄱阳湖湖区主要超标指标为总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH4+-N）和高锰酸盐指数；"十二五"期间鄱阳湖受到化工企业及农业面源的污染影响较为严重，"十三五"期间城镇居民生活对水质的影响作用呈逐年上升趋势. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Based on the water quality data of 17 national environmental monitoring sections of Poyang Lake from 2011 to 2019, spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and trends of water quality were analyzed using the comprehensive pollution index, eutrophication analysis, and blue city surface water quality index methods. Then, the main impact factors of water pollution were analyzed using the principal component analytic method to comprehensively evaluate the water environment of Poyang Lake during the 12th and 13th Five-Year Plan periods. The results showed that:① In terms of temporal distribution, the water quality of Poyang Lake decreased obviously from 2011 to 2015 and showed a positive trend from 2016 to 2019. However, the eutrophication status still existed, and the water quality of each year fluctuated obviously. Changes and fluctuations were evident, mainly in the high-water period>the flat-water period>the low-water period. ② In terms of spatial distribution, the water quality of each area showed an upward trend from 2011 to 2015, the total dynamic attitude of each index was positive, and the water quality decreased slightly. The water quality in the northeast lake area improved significantly, the water pollution in the South Lake area was the most serious, and that in the main lake area fluctuated significantly from 2016 to 2019. ③ From the perspective of influencing factors, the main pollutants exceeding the standard in Poyang Lake area from 2011 to 2019 were total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and permanganate index. During the 12th Five-Year Plan periods, Poyang Lake had been mainly polluted by chemical enterprises and agricultural non-point sources, and during the 13th Five-Year Plan periods, the impact of the lives of urban residents on water quality increased yearly. |
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