| 天津市冬季道路颗粒物粒径分布及来源解析 |
| 摘要点击 1991 全文点击 591 投稿时间：2021-12-10 修订日期：2022-01-30 |
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| 中文关键词 道路环境 颗粒物 数浓度 粒径分布 源解析 |
| 英文关键词 roadside environment particulate matter number concentration size distribution source appointment |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张国涛 | 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | zhangguotao20@mails.ucas.ac.cn | | 殷宝辉 | 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 白雯宇 | 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 郭丽瑶 | 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 王智宇 | 天津医科大学公共卫生学院, 天津 300070 | | | 张楠 | 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | zhangnan01@craes.org.cn | | 郑镇森 | 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 张利文 | 天津医科大学公共卫生学院, 天津 300070 | | | 杨文 | 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 韩斌 | 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 白志鹏 | 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 使用便携式气溶胶粒径谱仪对天津市南开区道路环境颗粒物数浓度进行观测，观测时间为2018年11月9日至2019年1月6日早高峰时段（07：30~09：20）；结合温度和相对湿度，探究冬季道路环境颗粒物的粒径分布特征及来源.结果表明，天津市冬季道路环境颗粒物总数浓度平均值为502 cm-3，主要集中在0.25~0.50 μm粒径段，呈现单峰分布，峰值在0.28~0.30 μm粒径段.不同时间尺度下颗粒物数浓度谱分布趋势相同，但相同粒径段数浓度存在差异.机动车活动水平是不同工作日道路颗粒物数浓度主要影响因素，合理的机动车尾号组合有利于降低道路颗粒物总数浓度高值出现的概率.颗粒物数浓度与温度和相对湿度呈现正相关关系，颗粒物总数浓度和峰值粒径数浓度随着温度和相对湿度的升高整体呈上升趋势.高相对湿度条件下，由于吸湿增长，数浓度峰值粒径会有所增大.使用正定矩阵因子分解模型（PMF）对道路环境颗粒物数浓度进行来源解析，得到道路尘、刹车与轮胎磨损和机动车尾气管排放老化这3个主要来源.道路尘来源对颗粒物数浓度的贡献率为8.6%，主要分布在5.00 μm以上粒径段；刹车与轮胎磨损来源对颗粒物数浓度的贡献率为2.8%，粒径集中在0.80~4.00 μm；机动车尾气管排放老化来源对颗粒物数浓度的贡献率为88.5%，贡献率占比最大，粒径集中在0.25~0.65 μm.道路旁颗粒物主要与机动车活动有关，同时温湿度也会对颗粒物数浓度粒径分布产生影响. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The significant role of traffic emissions mixed from various sources in urban air pollution has been widely recognized. However, the corresponding contributions to the roadside particle distribution are poorly understood due to the mixed impacts of various sources. Particle number concentrations of different sizes at the roadside in Nankai District of Tianjin were continuously monitored using a portable aerosol particle spectrometer during the morning rush hour (07:30-09:20) from Nov. 9, 2018 to Jan. 6, 2019. Characteristic and influencing factors of particle size distributions were discussed combined with temperature and relative humidity data, while potential sources of particles at the roadside were identified based on size distribution analysis. The results showed that the average total particle number concentrations were 502 cm-3, and the concentrations of the accumulation mode and coarse mode were 500 cm-3 and 2 cm-3, respectively. The distribution of number concentrations at the roadside was unimodal and primarily concentrated at 0.25-0.50 μm, with peak sizes at 0.28-0.30 μm. The same distribution trend of particle number concentration and difference in the concentration in the same segment size were observed at different periods. Vehicle activity level was the main influencing factor of road particulate matter concentration on different weekdays; the probability of the high value of road particulate matter concentration was reduced by a reasonable combination of the vehicle tail numbers. Temperature and relative humidity were both found to be positively correlated with the number concentration of particles. With the increase in temperature and relative humidity, the total and peak particle number concentration showed an overall upward trend. In addition, the peak particle size increased from 0.28-0.30 μm to 0.35-0.40 μm when relative humidity was higher than 80%. Three sources, including road dust, brake and tire wear, and the aging particles from vehicle exhaust, were identified using positive matrix factorization in this study. Road dust contributed 8.6% of the total number concentration, which mainly consisted of particles with sizes above 5.00 μm. Brake and tire wear contributed 2.8% of the total number concentration of particles with a size range of 0.80-4.00 μm. The aging particles from vehicle exhaust contributed the most (88.5%), with a peak at 0.25-0.65 μm. The sources of roadside particles were mainly related to vehicle activity, whereas temperature and relative humidity also affected the particle number size distribution. |
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