| 青岛秋冬季PM1中金属元素污染特征及健康风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 1940 全文点击 547 投稿时间：2021-12-07 修订日期：2022-01-16 |
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| 中文关键词 金属元素 船舶源 PM1 健康风险评估 青岛 |
| 英文关键词 trace elements ship emissions PM1 health risk assessment Qingdao |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 刘子杨 | 青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院, 青岛 266525 | 550479315@qq.com | | 张宜升 | 青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院, 青岛 266525
粤港澳环境质量协同创新联合实验室, 广州 511443 | doctorzys@163.com | | 张厚勇 | 山东省济南生态环境监测中心, 济南 250102 | | | 马子轸 | 青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院, 青岛 266525 | | | 陶文鑫 | 青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院, 青岛 266525 | | | 王娇 | 中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100 | | | 薛莲 | 青岛市生态环境局, 青岛 266022 | | | 彭倩倩 | 青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院, 青岛 266525 | | | 杜金花 | 青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院, 青岛 266525 | | | 赵娇娇 | 山东省济南生态环境监测中心, 济南 250102 | | | 彭亮 | 青岛市生态环境局, 青岛 266022 | | | 孙英杰 | 青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院, 青岛 266525 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 于2018年11月1日至2019年1月31日（OP2018-2019）和2019年11月1日至2020年1月20日（OP2019-2020）在青岛对PM1进行了连续两年秋冬季逐日采集.将观测期划分为4个空气质量等级（Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级），分析了PM1中金属元素浓度特征及来源，评估了不同人群的非致癌风险（Zn、Pb、Mn、Cu和V）和致癌风险（As、Cr、Ni、Cd和Co）.结果表明，与OP2018-2019相比，OP2019-2020期间不同空气质量等级下金属元素总浓度变化与Ca、K和Al浓度变化有关，受扬尘源和生物质燃烧源影响较大.与OP2018-2019相比，OP2019-2020期间不同空气质量等级下V浓度分别下降19.0%、60.5%、82.7%和77.5%.推测与船舶国内排放控制区域（DECA）政策实施有关，青岛周边海域船舶改换燃油品质，导致V浓度大幅降低.由富集因子、比值法和气流后向轨迹结果进一步表明V浓度变化主要受DECA政策影响.然而，实施DECA政策后，V/Ni值作为判断区域内受船舶源影响的限值，需进一步探究.由健康风险评估结果表明，OP2018-2019和OP2019-2020期间非致癌元素Mn的危险系数范围为0.07~1.22，建议加强管控含Mn污染源的排放.OP2018-2019和OP2019-2020期间不同空气质量下As、Cd的终生致癌风险概率（ILCR）值低于10-4，但高于10-6，表明存在致癌概率，但仍可接受.OP2018-2019期间空气质量为Ⅳ级时，Cr的ILCR值高于10-4，存在致癌风险. |
| 英文摘要 |
| From November 1,2018 to January 31,2019 (OP2018-2019) and from November 1,2019 to January 20, 2020 (OP2019-2020), PM1 measurement was conducted daily for two consecutive years. The concentration of trace elements in the atmospheric PM1 in Qingdao in autumn and winter was analyzed. The observation period was divided into four air quality levels (Level Ⅰ, Level Ⅱ, Level Ⅲ, and Level Ⅳ), and the characteristics and sources of the concentration of trace elements in PM1 were analyzed. The non-carcinogenic risks (Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, and V) and carcinogenic risks (As, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Co) of different people with different air quality levels were evaluated. The results showed that the changes in total metal element concentrations were associated with changes in Ca, K, and Al concentrations at different air quality classes during OP2019-2020 compared to those during OP2018-2019 and were more influenced by dust and biomass combustion sources. Compared with that during OP2018-2019, the V concentration in different air quality levels (Level Ⅰ, Level Ⅱ, Level Ⅲ, and Level Ⅳ) during OP2019-2020 decreased by 19.0%, 60.5%, 82.7%, and 77.5%, respectively. This was presumed to be related to the implementation of the Domestic Emission Control Area (DECA) policy for ships, which led to the significant reduction in V concentration due to the change in fuel quality of ships in the waters around Qingdao. The results of the enrichment factor, the ratio method, and the backward trajectory of airflow further indicated that the changes in V concentrations were mainly influenced by the DECA policy. However, after the implementation of the DECA, the V/Ni value as a limit for judging the influence of ship sources in the area required further exploration. The health risk assessment results showed that the risk factor of Mn ranged from 0.07 to 1.22 during OP2018-2019 and OP2019-2020. It was recommended to strengthen the management and control of Mn-containing pollution sources. The lifetime carcinogenic risk (ILCR) value of As and Cd under different air qualities during OP2018-2019 and OP2019-2020 was lower than 10-4 but higher than 10-6, indicating that there was a carcinogenic probability, although it was still at an acceptable level. During OP2018-2019, when the air quality was Ⅳ, the ILCR value of Cr was higher than 10-4, and there was a risk of cancer. |
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