| 微塑料对土壤水分入渗和蒸发的影响 |
| 摘要点击 4985 全文点击 500 投稿时间：2021-11-29 修订日期：2021-12-17 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料 土壤 湿润锋 含水率 入渗 蒸发 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics soil wetting front moisture content infiltration evaporation |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究不同丰度（土壤干重的0.5%、1%、2%）和不同类型（PP、PVC、PE）微塑料对土壤水分入渗和蒸发的影响，采用室内土柱模拟的方法，阐明了不同丰度及不同类型微塑料对土壤水分累积入渗时间、土壤含水率、湿润锋和蒸发特性等的影响，其中A1，A2，A3、Q1，Q2，Q3和Z1，Z2，Z3分别代表PE、PVC和PP在0.5%、1%和2%丰度下的实验编号.结果表明，不同类型和不同丰度下的微塑料对土壤水分入渗和蒸发存在显著差异，同类型条件下随着微塑料丰度增大，累积入渗时间显著增加，而类型不同丰度相同微塑料赋存条件下，PP实验组累积入渗时间>PVC实验组累积入渗时间>PE实验组累积入渗时间>空白实验组累积入渗时间；赋存微塑料条件下土壤含水率最大值基本呈现于土层深度10~25 cm处，空白组CK出现在20~25 cm处；相同入渗时间内土壤湿润锋运移距离和湿润锋运移速率随微塑料丰度增加而减小，当入渗时间为60 min时，A1、A2、A3，Q1、Q2、Q3和Z1、Z2、Z3湿润锋运移距离较CK分别减少4.38%、8.76%、10.58%，7.30%、10.22%、14.60%和10.95%、13.14%、15.33%，其中PP微塑料的影响最为显著；微塑料赋存对土壤水分蒸发产生抑制作用，同类型微塑料下土壤的累积蒸发量随丰度的增加而减小，在蒸发27 h时，添加2%丰度下PP、PVC和PE微塑料的实验土柱累积蒸发量比CK分别减小22.9%、19.4%和13.3%，Rose蒸发模型更能较真实地反映微塑料赋存情况下土壤累积蒸发量随时间的变化情况.研究可为微塑料赋存条件下土壤水分运移的变化研究提供理论基础. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In order to explore the influences of microplastics with different abundances (0.5%, 1%, and 2% of the dry weight of the soil) and different types (PP, PVC, and PE) on the moisture infiltration and evaporation of the soil, we adopted the method of indoor soil column simulation to elaborate the influences of the microplastics with different abundances and different types on the moisture accumulated infiltration time, moisture containing rate, wetting front, and evaporation characteristics, among which the A1, A2, and A3; Q1, Q2, and Q3; and Z1, Z2, and Z3 respectively represented the experimental number of PE, PVC, and PP under the abundances of 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. The influences of the microplastics with different types and different abundances on the moisture infiltration and evaporation of the soil showed obvious differentiation. Under the same types of conditions, when the abundances of the microplastics increased, the accumulated infiltration time also increased significantly. However, under the occurrence condition of the microplastics of different types but the same abundances, the accumulated infiltration time of the PP experiment group>that of the PVC experiment group>that of the PE experiment group>that of the blank experiment group. Under the occurrence condition of microplastics, the maximum moisture rate of the soil basically appeared at the depth from 10 to 25 cm, and the CK of the blank group appeared at the depth from 20-25 cm. Within the same infiltration time, when the abundances of the microplastics increased, the moving distance and the moving rate of wetting front of the soil decreased accordingly. When the infiltration time was 60 minutes, the wetting moving distances of A1, A2, and A3; Q1, Q2, and Q3; and Z1, Z2, and Z3, respectively, decreased 4.38%, 8.76%, and 10.58%; 7.30%, 10.22%, and 14.60%; and 10.95%, 13.14%, and 15.33% compared to those of the CK groups, among which the influence of PP microplastics was the most significant. The occurrence of the microplastics had a prohibition function to the moisture evaporation of the soil; when the microplastics had the same types, the accumulated amount of the soil decreased with the increase in abundance. When evaporating for 27 hours, the accumulated evaporation amount of the experiment soil column of PP, PVC, and PE microplastics with the added abundances of 2% respectively decreased 22.9%, 19.4%, and 13.3% compared to that in the CK. The Rose evaporation model relatively truly reflected the changing situation of the soil accumulated evaporation amount with time under the occurrence situation of the microplastics. This research can provide a theoretical basis for the changing study of the soil moisture movement under the occurrence condition of microplastics. |
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