| 北京市通州区河流中微塑料组成的空间分布及潜在来源解析 |
| 摘要点击 2539 全文点击 642 投稿时间：2021-10-18 修订日期：2021-11-16 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料 北方河流 北京市 空间分布 来源解析 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics northern rivers Beijing spatial variation source identification |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 门聪 | 清华大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100084 | mencongmc@163.com | | 李頔 | 清华大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100084 | | | 左剑恶 | 清华大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100084
清华大学深圳国际研究生院, 深圳 518055 | jiane.zuo@tsinghua.edu.cn | | 邢薇 | 北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院, 水中典型污染物控制与水质保障北京市重点实验室, 北京 100044 | | | 刘梦瑶 | 北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院, 水中典型污染物控制与水质保障北京市重点实验室, 北京 100044 | | | 魏凡钦 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院, 深圳 518055 | | | 胡嘉敏 | 清华大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100084 | | | 谢珍雯 | 清华大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100084 | | | 邢鑫 | 清华大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100084 | | | 沈杨贵 | 清华大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100084 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 微塑料既是一种新兴污染物，还能作为载体吸附污染物，对河流等生态系统构成了威胁.但目前针对我国北方河流中微塑料污染问题的研究鲜见.基于对北京市通州区内6条河流共19个点位的水样采集和分析，研究了微塑料的组成及空间分布特征，并揭示了微塑料的潜在来源.结果表明，微塑料在所有点位上的检出率为100%，其中小中河中微塑料的平均丰度是所有河流中最高的（3.50×104 n ·m-3），是运潮减河中平均丰度的4.04倍.粒径上，90.49%微塑料的粒径小于2000 μm，且仅在2个点位上监测到了粒径大于4000 μm的微塑料.微塑料呈现出纤维状、薄膜状、碎片状和颗粒状等4种形态，其中纤维状的微塑料占比最高（90.23%）.微塑料以透明色和蓝色为主，共占比84.29%.人造丝的占比最高，且在各点位上的占比都在66.67%以上，而其他成分微塑料的分布在不同点位上存在较大的差异.无论是微塑料丰度还是成分种类，河流上游均高于下游.根据微塑料的形状、成分、颜色和丰度的空间特征，解析了不同类型微塑料的来源.对于河流中占比最高的纤维状微塑料，其主要来源可能为服装洗涤、渔具和防尘网的使用. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Microplastics are emerging contaminants, which can also absorb other contaminants, threatening the health of river ecosystems. However, research on the pollution of microplastics in rivers in northern China is still lacking. In this study, based on the sampling and analysis of water samples in 19 sites in six rivers in Tongzhou district, Beijing, the composition, spatial variation, and potential sources of microplastics were explored. The results showed that all sites were contaminated by microplastics, and the abundance of microplastics in the Xiaozhong River was the highest among all sites (3.50×104 n·m-3), which was 4.04 times that in the Yunchaojian River. The proportion of microplastics with particle sizes smaller than 2000 μm was 90.49%, and microplastics with particle sizes larger than 4000 μm were only found in two out of 19 sampling sites. The microplastics were fiber, film, fragment, and granule shaped. The proportion of fiber microplastics was the highest (90.23%) among all shapes. Most (84.29%) of the microplastics were transparent and blue. Rayon was the most common microplastic in each site, and its proportion in each site was over 66.67%. The proportions of other types of microplastics differed largely among different sites. Spatially, the abundance and types of microplastics in the upper reaches were higher than those in the lower reaches. According to spatial variations in shapes, types, colors, and abundance of microplastics, the potential sources of microplastics were identified. The potential sources of fiber microplastics were washing clothing and using fishing gear and dust-proof nets. |
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