| 厦门港大气PM2.5中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 2177 全文点击 635 投稿时间：2021-10-21 修订日期：2021-11-17 |
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| 中文关键词 厦门港 PM2.5 重金属 来源分析 健康风险评估 |
| 英文关键词 Xiamen Port PM2.5 heavy metal source apportionment health risk assessment |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 肖思晗 | 厦门大学环境与生态学院, 厦门 361102
福建省海陆界面生态环境重点实验室, 厦门 361102 | 33120192202056@stu.xmu.edu.cn | | 蔡美君 | 厦门大学环境与生态学院, 厦门 361102
福建省海陆界面生态环境重点实验室, 厦门 361102 | | | 李香 | 厦门大学环境与生态学院, 厦门 361102
福建省海陆界面生态环境重点实验室, 厦门 361102 | | | 黄厔 | 厦门市环境科学研究院, 厦门 361021 | | | 王坚 | 厦门市环境科学研究院, 厦门 361021 | | | 朱清墩 | 厦门嵩屿集装箱码头有限公司, 厦门 361026 | | | 吴水平 | 厦门大学环境与生态学院, 厦门 361102
福建省海陆界面生态环境重点实验室, 厦门 361102 | wsp@xmu.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 于2020年夏季和秋冬季在厦门港海天码头和嵩屿码头进行大气PM2.5的采集，并对20种元素污染特征、来源及健康影响进行了分析.结果表明，厦门港大气PM2.5浓度较低，且两个站点的PM2.5浓度并无显著性差异，也不存在明显的昼夜差异.地壳元素中以Ca和Si的含量最高，而痕量元素中以Zn和Mn的含量为最高.与标准值相比，重金属元素中只有Cr （Ⅵ）出现超标.受风向和吞吐量季节性变化的影响，部分元素浓度在夏季高于秋冬季.Cu、Zn、SO2和NO2有较一致的明显昼夜变化，但来自重油燃烧排放的V和Ni并无明显昼夜差异.PMF源解析确定码头PM2.5的4个污染因子为工业源、船舶排放、交通源和海盐+建筑尘混合源，其中工业源对PM2.5浓度的贡献率最大（55.2%~59.4%），远高于船舶排放的贡献率（7.1%~7.7%）.健康风险评估显示，厦门港大气PM2.5中重金属对人群具有潜在的致癌风险（>1×10-5），其中Cr （Ⅵ）、V和As的累计贡献率为97.3%~97.5%；非致癌风险的危害指数<1，其中V、Mn、Ni和As的累计贡献率为89.6%~91.2%.4种污染因子对重金属致癌风险的贡献率顺序为：交通源（47.2%~49.4%）>工业源（23.8%~24.2%）>船舶排放（16.9~20.8%）>海盐+建筑尘（5.7%~12.1%），而对非致癌风险的贡献率顺序为：交通源（38.7%~42.3%）>工业源（24.5%~28.2%）>船舶排放（24.1%~27.2%）>海盐+建筑尘（5.4%~9.6%）. |
| 英文摘要 |
| PM2.5 samples at Haitian and Songyu container terminals in Xiamen Port were collected in summer and autumn/winter in 2020 and analyzed for 20 elements to investigate their temporal-spatial distribution features, sources, and health risk. The results showed that the levels of PM2.5 were relatively low and did not show significant spatial and diurnal differences. Ca and Si were the main crustal elements, and Zn and Mn were the main heavy metals in PM2.5. Compared with GB 3095-2012 guidelines, Cr(Ⅵ) was in the range of 27.4-28.6 times above the standard. Under the influence of monsoon and port throughput, the concentrations of some elements in summer were higher than those in autumn/winter. Significant diurnal variations were observed for Cu, Zn, SO2, and NO2 but not for V and Ni. Industrial sources were identified as the primary contributor (55.2%-59.4%), followed by traffic (28.7%-31.3%), ship emissions (7.1%-7.7%), and sea salt plus construction dust (4.8%-5.8%). The results of health risk assessment showed that heavy metals in PM2.5in Xiamen Port had potential carcinogenic risk (ECR>1(10-5) to people living near the port, and Cr(Ⅵ), V, and As together accounted for 97.3%-97.5% of the total risks; however, the non-carcinogenic risk was negligible (HI<1), and the major contributors were V, Mn, Ni, and As (89.6%-91.2%). The relative contributions of each contributor to ECR was in the order of traffic (47.2%-49.4%)>industrial (23.8%-24.2%)>ship emissions (16.9%-20.8%)>sea salt plus construction dust (5.7%-12.1%), and the relative contribution to HI was in the order of traffic (38.7%-42.3%)>industrial (24.5%-28.2%)>ship emissions (24.1%-27.2%)>sea salt plus construction dust (5.4%-9.6%). |
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