| 微塑料对沉积物细菌群落组成和多样性的影响 |
| 摘要点击 2347 全文点击 650 投稿时间：2021-09-15 修订日期：2021-10-11 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料 沉积物 微生物 群落组成 多样性 功能 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics sediment microbes community composition diversity function |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 微塑料普遍存在于河口、海岸和深海沉积物中，能直接或间接地对沉积环境中细菌和真菌群落产生影响.为探究微塑料对沉积物细菌群落组成和多样性的影响，通过向沉积物中分别添加不同丰度（2%、5%、10%）和类型（PE、PVC）的微塑料颗粒，进行30 d的微塑料污染模拟实验，分析不同微塑料处理中微生物群落结构和多样性差异.结果表明，微塑料对菌群多样性无显著影响，但能降低群落丰富度，且添加PE和10% PVC下降最显著；添加微塑料使放线菌门、拟杆菌门和酸杆菌门等相对丰度上升，后壁菌门相对丰度显著下降；伯克霍尔德氏菌科和假单胞菌科等涉及氮循环的菌群在添加PE以及2%和10% PVC后相对丰度显著增加，而鞘氨醇单胞菌科等与多种有害污染物生物降解作用有关菌群的相对丰度明显下降；KEGG代谢通路预测显示，添加PE和较高丰度（5%、10%） PVC使菌群膜转运蛋白、细胞运动和外源物质生物降解等功能显著改善，氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢和能量代谢等功能受到抑制.研究可为微塑料污染对沉积物养分转化和外源污染物降解的影响研究提供理论基础. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Microplastics are ubiquitous in estuarine, coastal, and deep-sea sediments and can directly or indirectly affect bacterial and fungal communities in the sedimentary environment. In order to investigate the effects of microplastics on bacterial community composition and diversity in sediments, a 30-day microplastic pollution simulation experiment was conducted by adding microplastic particles with different abundances (2%, 5%, and 10%) and types (PE and PVC) to sediments, and the differences in microbial community structure and diversity under the different microplastic treatments were analyzed. The results showed that microplastics had no significant effect on the diversity of bacteria but reduced the community richness, with the most significant decline occurring after the addition of PE and 10% PVC microplastics. The relative abundances of Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Acidobacteriota increased with the addition of microplastics, whereas the relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased significantly. The relative abundances of Burkholderiaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and other bacteria involved in nitrogen cycling increased significantly after adding PE and 2% and 10% PVC microplastics, whereas the relative abundance of Sphingomonadaceae and other bacteria associated with the biodegradation of a variety of harmful pollutants decreased significantly. KEGG metabolic pathway prediction demonstrated that PE and high concentration (5% and 10%) PVC addition significantly improved the functional gene of membrane transporters, cell motility, and biodegradation of exogenous substances but inhibited amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism. This study can provide a theoretical basis for studying the effects of microplastic pollution on nutrient transformation and degradation of exogenous pollutants in sediments. |
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