| 基于在线观测本地因子的长三角家禽养殖氨排放时空分布特征 |
| 摘要点击 1874 全文点击 698 投稿时间：2021-07-16 修订日期：2021-09-09 |
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| 中文关键词 长三角 规模化鸡场 生长阶段 氨排放 排放因子 排放清单 时空分布 在线观测 |
| 英文关键词 Yangtze River Delta scale chicken farm growth stage ammonia emission emission factor emission inventory space-time distribution online monitoring |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 高宗源 | 华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院, 上海 200237
上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室, 国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233 | gaozongyuan@163.com | | 徐昶 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室, 国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233 | xuc@saes.sh.cn | | 倪远之 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室, 国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233 | | | 沈根祥 | 华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院, 上海 200237
上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室, 国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233 | | | 苗文亮 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室, 国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233 | | | 王振旗 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室, 国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233 | | | 付侃 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室, 国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233 | | | 钱晓雍 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室, 国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233 | | | 曹国民 | 华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院, 上海 200237 | gmcao@ecust.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为获取长三角地区家禽养殖氨排放因子和时空分布特征，通过在线高分辨率监测系统对典型规模化蛋鸡养殖场棚舍养殖和粪便堆肥环节的氨浓度进行连续监测，获取不同季节、不同生长阶段的氨浓度和排放因子，并建立基于本地化排放因子的长三角家禽养殖氨排放清单.结果表明，棚舍养殖和粪便堆肥环节春夏秋冬4个季节ρ（NH3）日均值分别为：（1.85±0.38）、（4.58±0.33）、（3.87±0.12）、（2.83±0.47）mg·m-3和（2.04±0.50）、（4.04±1.04）、（2.51±0.67）、（1.55±0.16）mg·m-3，氨浓度呈显著的日小时变化趋势，养殖棚舍春夏秋冬小时ρ（NH3）最大值出现在中午13：00~14：00，最小值出现在凌晨01：00~03：00，粪便堆肥环节夏秋季节的小时ρ（NH3）最大值出现在16：00~19：00，春冬季的日小时变化过程则不明显；氨日小时浓度变化主要受日温度变化、畜禽活动和清粪管理等因素影响.蛋鸡不同生长阶段的氨浓度呈显著差异，青年鸡、产蛋鸡和预淘汰鸡的ρ（NH3）分别为（1.85±0.38）、（2.83±0.47）mg·m-3和（1.61±0.32）mg·m-3，产蛋鸡的氨浓度分别达到了青年鸡和预淘汰鸡的1.53倍和1.65倍.棚舍养殖和粪便堆肥环节春夏秋冬4个季节的氨排放系数分别为：（0.13±0.02）、（0.54±0.01）、（0.39±0.01）、（0.17±0.01）g·（bird·d）-1和（0.07±0.01）、（0.17±0.02）、（0.08±0.01）、（0.04±0.01）g·（bird·d）-1，全年氨排放系数则分别达到了（0.11±0.06）kg·（bird·a）-1和（0.03±0.02）kg·（bird·a）-1.结果发现，环境温度、通风模式、鸡舍类型和清粪频率是影响家禽养殖氨排放的主要影响因素，其导致氨排放系数的差异范围分别达到了±122%、±79%、±74%和±56%，如采用经验系数建立氨排放清单，结果可能存在较大的不确定性.综合在线监测、模型模拟和文献分析结果表明，长三角地区家禽养殖的氨排放系数为（0.16±0.08）kg·（bird·a）-1，2019年氨排放总量为（108.81±54.41）kt，北部地区氨排放量和氨排放强度显著高于南部地区，夏季氨排放量和排放强度显著高于春冬季节，达到了后者的3.38~3.56倍. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In order to obtain the ammonia emission level and space-time distribution characteristics of the poultry production industry in the Yangtze River Delta, an online high-resolution monitoring system was used to continuously monitor the atmospheric ammonia concentration in the breeding house and compost shed in a typical large-scale layer farm. By obtaining the ammonia emission level and emission factor during each growth stage, we established the localized ammonia emission inventory for the poultry production industry in the Yangtze River Delta. The results showed that the average daily ρ(NH3) in the breeding house and compost shed for spring, summer, autumn, and winter were (1.85±0.38), (4.58±0.33), (3.87±0.12), and (2.83±0.47) mg·m-3 and (2.04±0.50), (4.04±1.04), (2.51±0.67), and (1.55±0.16) mg·m-3 respectively. Ammonia emissions showed a significant daily hourly change trend. The highest hourly ammonia concentration in the layer house appeared from 13:00-14:00 in the afternoon, and the minimum appeared from 01:00-03:00 in the morning. The highest hourly ammonia concentration in the compost shed occurred between 16:00-19:00 in summer and autumn, whereas the diurnal changes in spring and winter were not significant. Hourly changes in ammonia emissions during the day were mainly affected by daily temperature, poultry activities, and manure management. Ammonia concentrations at different growth stages of laying hens showed significant differences. ρ (NH3) from young chickens, laying hens, and pre-eliminated chickens were (1.85±0.38), (2.83±0.47), and (1.61±0.32) mg·m-3, respectively. The ammonia emission rate from laying hens reached 1.53 times and 1.65 times that of young chickens and pre-eliminated chickens, respectively. Metabolism levels and feed intake at different growth stages were the main reasons for the differences in ammonia emissions. Ammonia emission factors for the layer house and compost shed in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were (0.13±0.02), (0.54±0.01), (0.39±0.01), and (0.17±0.01) g·(bird·d)-1 and (0.07±0.01), (0.17±0.02), (0.08±0.01), and (0.04±0.01) g·(bird·d)-1, respectively. Annual ammonia emission factors reached (0.11±0.06) kg·(bird·a)-1 and (0.03±0.02) kg·(bird·a)-1, respectively. Our results suggest that ambient temperature, ventilation mode, chicken house type, and manure removal frequency were the main influencing factors of ammonia emissions from poultry production. The uncertainty ranges of the ammonia emission coefficients reached±122%,±79%, and±74%, and±56%, respectively. Great uncertainties were generated when empirical emission factors were used for emission inventory establishment. Based on the results of online monitoring, model simulation, and literature analysis, we established an ammonia emission inventory for the poultry production industry within the Yangtze River Delta region by adopting the emission factors of (0.16±0.08) kg·(bird·a)-1. In 2019, the total ammonia emission from poultry production was (108.81±54.41) kt. In terms of spatial distribution, ammonia emission intensities in the northern regions were significantly higher than those in the southern parts. The ammonia emission intensities during summer were 3.38-3.56 times higher than those in spring and winter. |
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