| 郑州市典型污染过程PM1中重金属浓度、来源及健康风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 2077 全文点击 610 投稿时间：2021-07-01 修订日期：2021-08-25 |
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| 中文关键词 PM1 重金属元素 健康风险 源解析 区域传输 |
| 英文关键词 PM1 heavy metal elements health risks source analysis regional transport |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 颗粒物中重金属元素可对人体健康造成不利影响，粒径越小危害越大.利用在线重金属观测仪于2021年1月7~25日在郑州市连续测定PM1中Al、Si、K、Ca、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Ba、Pb和Cd共16种重金属元素.结果表明，观测期间ρ（K）的浓度最高（0.62 μg·m-3）.根据污染物浓度和气象特征，将观测期间划分为清洁日、沙尘日和霾日.大气PM1中重金属污染特征和健康风险评价在不同污染过程下的贡献不同.利用美国EPA健康风险评价法评估重金属的健康风险，采用富集因子法和正定矩阵因子模型（PMF）解析重金属来源，并利用浓度权重轨迹分析法（CWT）和后向轨迹法对传输的影响进行评估.结果表明在不同污染过程下Zn、As、Se、Pb和Cd的富集因子超过100，均受人类活动影响较大.在观测期间重金属主要来源为工业源、燃煤/生物质源、机动车源和扬尘源.将健康风险结果代入PMF分析发现，在清洁日、沙尘日和霾日期间工业源是致癌与非致癌健康风险的主要贡献源，且本地区PM1中重金属元素对成人的致癌风险超过对儿童的致癌风险.通过CWT和后向轨迹法发现区域传输是影响本地健康风险的主要因素之一. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Heavy metal elements in particulate matter can cause adverse effects on human health, and the smaller the particle size, the greater the harm. A total of 16 heavy metal elements (Al, Si, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ba, Pb, and Cd) in PM1 were continuously determined by an online heavy metal observation instrument in Zhengzhou city from January 7 to 25, 2021. The results showed that ρ(K) concentration was the highest during the observation period (0.62 μg·m-3). According to pollutant concentration and meteorological characteristics, the observation period was divided into clean days, dust days, and haze days. The contribution of heavy metal pollution characteristics and health risk assessment in atmospheric PM1 was different under different pollution processes. The US EPA health risk assessment method was used to assess the health risks of heavy metals, and the enrichment factor method and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were used to analyze the sources of heavy metals. The influence of the transmission was evaluated by using the concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) method and the backward trajectory method. The results show that the enrichment factors of Zn, As, Se, Pb, and Cd were more than 100 under different pollution processes, which were greatly affected by human activities. During the sampling period, the main sources of heavy metals were industrial sources, coal/biomass sources, motor vehicle sources, and dust sources. The results of the health risk assessment were substituted into PMF analysis, and it was found that industrial sources were the main contributing sources of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks during cleaning days, dust days, and haze days, and the carcinogenic risk of heavy metal elements in PM1 in this region for adults exceeded that for children. CWT and backward trajectory methods revealed that regional transmission was one of the main factors affecting local health risks. |
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