| 典型内燃叉车尾气挥发性有机物与正构烷烃的排放特征 |
| 摘要点击 2140 全文点击 599 投稿时间：2021-07-21 修订日期：2021-08-02 |
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| 中文关键词 工程机械 挥发性有机物(VOCs) 正构烷烃 柴油机颗粒物过滤器(DPF) 排放因子 |
| 英文关键词 construction machinery volatile organic compounds(VOCs) n-alkanes diesel particulate filter(DPF) emission factor |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 周文钦 | 暨南大学环境与气候研究院, 广州 511443 | 951622831@qq.com | | 李成 | 东莞理工学院生态环境工程技术研发中心, 东莞 523808 | | | 刘俊文 | 暨南大学环境与气候研究院, 广州 511443 | | | 朱曼妮 | 华南理工大学环境与能源学院, 广州 510006 | | | 桂小亮 | 暨南大学环境与气候研究院, 广州 511443 | | | 余飞 | 暨南大学环境与气候研究院, 广州 511443 | | | 廖松地 | 华南理工大学环境与能源学院, 广州 510006 | | | 姜帆 | 暨南大学环境与气候研究院, 广州 511443 | | | 李光辉 | 暨南大学环境与气候研究院, 广州 511443 | | | 蒋斌 | 暨南大学环境与气候研究院, 广州 511443 | | | 郑君瑜 | 暨南大学环境与气候研究院, 广州 511443 | zhengjunyu_work@hotmail.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 非道路柴油车尾气是影响我国空气质量的重要排放源，但目前针对其化学组分及其影响因素的了解仍然非常有限.以6台内燃叉车为研究对象，利用气态组分在线监测结合样品采集离线分析方法，重点探讨了柴油机颗粒物过滤器（DPF）对叉车尾气中的关键化学组分挥发性有机物（VOCs）和正构烷烃含量及其特征的影响.结果表明，含氧挥发性有机物（OVOCs）、烯烃、烷烃、芳香烃和卤代烃在叉车尾气VOCs中的质量分数分别为：26%~37%、16%~36%、19%~22%、13%~21%和4%~7%.小功率和大功率叉车的VOCs排放因子分别为：（2.47±0.33）g·kg-1和（1.48±0.24）g·kg-1.叉车在使用DPF前和后的总VOCs排放因子平均值分别为（1.94±0.58）g·kg-1和（2.08±0.79）g·kg-1，DPF对VOCs排放因子无显著影响.然而值得注意的是，DPF可对部分OVOCs组分的去除产生重要作用，乙醛和丙酮排放因子在使用DPF后分别降低了19%和26%.正构烷烃组分的碳数分别在C7~C17和C24~C31呈双峰分布，其中C15为主峰碳.正构烷烃在使用DPF前和后的平均排放因子分别为（115±34）mg·kg-1和（53.7±19）mg·kg-1，下降幅度达到53%，说明DPF能够有效地控制正构烷烃的排放.研究结果可对非道路工程机械尾气排放的精准控制以及区域空气质量的进一步改善提供科学支撑. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Non-road diesel vehicle exhaust is an important emission source that affects air quality in China, yet knowledge regarding its chemical composition and potential influence factors remains limited. Six typical forklifts were selected to study the effect of diesel particulate filters (DPF) on the emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and n-alkanes using online monitoring of gaseous components combined with offline analysis. The results showed that oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), olefins, alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and halogenated hydrocarbons accounted for 26%-37%, 16%-36%, 19%-22%, 13%-21%, and 4%-7% of the measured VOCs in forklift exhaust, respectively. The VOCs emission factors of low-power and high-power forklifts were(2.47±0.33)g·kg-1 and (1.48±0.24)g·kg-1, respectively. The forklift exhaust emission factors of total VOCs without and with DPF were(1.94±0.58)g·kg-1and (2.08±0.79)g·kg-1, respectively. Our results showed that DDF exerted minor impact on VOCs emission. However, it is worth noting that DPF can efficiently remove some types of OVOCs components. For example, the emission factors of acetaldehyde and acetone of the forklifts with DPF were reduced by 19% and 26%, respectively, compared to that of those without DPF. The carbon numbers of n-alkane fractions showed a bimodal distribution of C7-C17 and C24-C31, respectively, with C15 being the dominant peak carbon. The average emission factors of n-alkanes were (115±34) mg·kg-1 (without DPF) and (53.7±19)mg·kg-1 (with DPF), respectively, with a decrease of 53%, indicating that DPF can effectively reduce the emission of n-alkane in the exhaust of forklifts. Our results can provide scientific support for the precise control of non-road construction machinery exhaust emissions and the further improvement of regional air quality. |
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