| 化肥和有机肥配施生物炭对土壤磷酸酶活性和微生物群落的影响 |
| 摘要点击 2452 全文点击 689 投稿时间：2021-05-27 修订日期：2021-06-11 |
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| 中文关键词 生物炭 磷酸酶 phoC基因 phoD基因 微生物群落 |
| 英文关键词 biochar phosphatase phoC gene phoD gene microbial community |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 研究化肥和有机肥配施生物炭处理下植株根际、非根际土壤磷酸酶活性和phoC、phoD基因微生物群落多样性变化的规律，可为土壤磷库中难溶性磷素向植物根系可吸收的无机态磷酸根离子转化提供一定的理论指导，同时也为土壤中磷素有效性的提高和生物炭的农业利用提供一定的试验依据.本研究以玉米秸秆和稻壳秸秆为供试材料，采用盆栽试验的方法，设置对照（CK）、传统施肥（F）、化肥+20 t·hm-2稻壳生物炭（FP）、化肥+10t·hm-2稻壳生物炭+10 t·hm-2玉米生物炭（FPM）、有机肥+20t·hm-2稻壳生物炭（PP）和新鲜有机肥+20t·hm-2稻壳生物炭（NPP）这6个处理，通过测定根际、非根际土壤酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活性、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性和采用T-RFLP技术解析phoC和phoD基因的多样性，阐明生物炭对植物-土壤-微生物三者形成的微生态系统的影响.结果表明：①非根际土壤中各处理ALP和ACP活性较CK均有降低，根际土壤中，化肥和有机肥配施生物炭后ALP活性显著增加，根际土壤的ACP活性高于非根际土壤；②化肥和有机肥配施生物炭显著增加了根际、非根际土壤中phoC和phoD基因群落的多样性（P<0.05），根际土壤中微生物群落的多样性和丰富度高于非根际；③ACP活性与phoC基因微生物群落呈负相关关系，绝大多数处理ALP活性与phoD微生物群落呈正相关关系.化肥和有机肥配施生物炭可增加果园植株根际土壤的酶活性以及根际和非根际土壤中phoC和phoD基因的多样性. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To study changes in phosphatase activity, we examined the diversity of phoC and phoD gene microbial communities in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of plants under the treatment of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with biochar. These results can provide a certain theoretical guidance for the conversion of insoluble phosphorus in the soil phosphorus pool to the inorganic phosphate ion that can be absorbed by plant roots and also provide a certain experimental basis for the improvement of the availability of phosphorus in the soil and the agricultural utilization of biochar. In this study, corn stalks and rice husk stalks were used as test materials, and the pot experimental method was adopted using the following treatments:set control (CK), traditional fertilization (F), chemical fertilizer+20 t·hm-2 rice husk biochar (FP), chemical fertilizer+10 t·hm-2rice husk biochar+10 t·hm-2 corn biochar (FPM), organic fertilizer+20 t·hm-2 rice husk biochar (PP), and fresh organic fertilizer+20 t·hm-2 rice husk biochar (NPP). We determined the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil acid phosphatase (ACP) activity and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and used T-RFLP technology to analyze the diversity of phoC and phoD genes in order to clarify the impact of biochar on the micro-ecosystem formed by the plants, soil, and microorganisms. The results showed that:① the ALP and ACP activities of each treatment in the non-rhizosphere soil were lower than that of CK. In the rhizosphere soil, the ALP activity was significantly increased after the combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer with biochar, and the ACP activity in the rhizosphere soil was higher than that in the non-rhizosphere soil. ② The combined application of biochar with chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers significantly increased the diversity of phoC and phoD genes communities in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils (P<0.05); the diversity and richness of microbial communities in rhizosphere soil were higher than that in non-rhizosphere soils. ③ ACP activity was negatively correlated with phoC gene microbial community, and most ALP activity was positively correlated with phoD microbial community. |
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