| 九龙江口红树林湿地表层沉积物中微塑料赋存特征与重金属的关系 |
| 摘要点击 3088 全文点击 1031 投稿时间：2021-05-19 修订日期：2021-07-12 |
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| 中文关键词 九龙江口 红树林湿地 表层沉积物 微塑料 形态特征 重金属 |
| 英文关键词 Jiulong River estuary mangrove wetland surface sediments microplastics morphological characteristics heavy metals |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 本文分析了福建九龙江口红树林湿地表层沉积物中微塑料的丰度及形态特征，并探讨了其主要来源.结果表明，九龙江口红树林湿地表层沉积物中微塑料丰度范围（干沉积物）为640~1140 n·kg-1，平均值为935 n·kg-1，与国内其他红树林区相比处于中等水平；通过显微镜观察微塑料形态有颗粒状（39%）、碎片状（31%）和纤维状（30%）；颜色主要以透明为主（55%）；粒径以<1 mm为主（92%）；用拉曼光谱鉴定出微塑料聚合物类型主要为聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯和聚丙烯，分别占57%、34%和9%；微塑料的来源主要是附近水产养殖产生的塑料废弃物、流域内的城镇及农村生活或工业废水和通过潮汐作用被运输至此的塑料垃圾；扫描电镜-能谱分析发现，微塑料表面具有凹陷、多孔和撕裂的特征，并附着Pb、Cd、Hg、Cr、Fe、Mn、Zn和Cu等重金属元素.微塑料可能作为重金属的载体转移至沉积物中对湿地生态安全构成潜在威胁. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The abundance and morphological characteristics of microplastics in the surface sediments of mangrove wetlands in the Jiulong River estuary were analyzed. The main sources of microplastics were also explored in detail. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics ranged from 640 to 1140 n·kg-1 (dry sediment), with an average of 935 n·kg-1, exhibiting a medium level compared with other domestic and abroad mangrove areas. The microscopic observation found that the microplastics were granular (39%), fragmented (31%), and fibrous (30%); the color was mainly transparent (55%); and the particle size was less than 1 mm (92%). As observed via Raman spectroscopy, the main polymer types of the microplastics were identified to be polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polypropylene, accounting for 57%, 34%, and 9%, respectively. The main sources of microplastics were the plastic waste from aquaculture nearby, urban and rural domestic or industrial wastewater in the basin, and the plastic waste transported here by the tide. Additionally, SEM-EDS results showed that the surface of the microplastics had the characteristics of depression, porosity, and tearing, and some heavy metal elements such as Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu were attached to the microplastics. Microplastics may be transferred to the sediments as carriers of heavy metals, posing a potential threat to wetland ecological security. |
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