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中国主要城市土壤重金属累积特征与风险评价
摘要点击 4087  全文点击 1268  投稿时间:2021-03-07  修订日期:2021-06-07
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中文关键词  城市化  健康风险评价      经济指标  数据整合分析
英文关键词  urbanization  health risk assessment  cadmium  lead  economic indicators  data integration and analysis
作者单位E-mail
彭驰 中南大学冶金与环境学院环境工程研究所, 长沙 410083 chipeng@csu.edu.cn 
何亚磊 中南大学冶金与环境学院环境工程研究所, 长沙 410083  
郭朝晖 中南大学冶金与环境学院环境工程研究所, 长沙 410083  
肖细元 中南大学冶金与环境学院环境工程研究所, 长沙 410083  
张严 中南大学冶金与环境学院环境工程研究所, 长沙 410083  
中文摘要
      我国快速城市化过程可能会导致重金属在城市土壤中累积,威胁居民健康.通过收集和整理最近15年间发表的文献数据,从整体上分析了我国52个主要城市土壤重金属含量特征及其健康风险.结果表明,我国城市土壤平均ω(Pb)、ω(Cd)、ω(Cu)和ω(Zn)分别为:58.5、0.49、42.1和156.3 mg·kg-1,其Igeo值排序为:Cd(1.10) > Zn(0.36) > Pb(0.28) > Cu(0.13).沿海经济发达省份(如江苏、浙江等)和资源型省份(如湖南、河南、内蒙古等)城市中土壤重金属含量相对较高.土壤重金属Igeo值较高的城市主要包括开封、扬州、呼和浩特、太原和湘潭等.城市工业区和交通区中土壤重金属含量显著高于居民区与公园,说明城市中繁忙交通和发达的重工业是造成土壤重金属显著累积的主要原因.城市土壤重金属平均含量与城市经济和环境指标[如常住人口、GDP、ρ(PM10)、ρ(PM2.5)和SO2排放量]之间相关性不显著,可能是因为城市土壤重金属含量空间异质性大,平均含量难以反映出整体累积水平.我国城市土壤重金属对儿童的非致癌风险总体较低,主要风险元素为Pb,但个别冶炼工业发达城市的土壤重金属暴露风险值得警惕.
英文摘要
      The rapid urbanization in China may lead to heavy metal pollution in urban soil, threatening the health of residents. By collecting literature data published in the last 15 years, the characteristics and risks of heavy metals in the urban soils of 52 cities in China were analyzed. The results showed that the average ω(Pb), ω(Cd), ω(Cu) and ω(Zn) in the urban soils of China were 58.5, 0.49, 42.1, and 156.3 mg·kg-1, respectively, and the average Igeo values were ordered as follows Cd(1.10) > Zn(0.36) > Pb(0.28) > Cu(0.13). The high concentrations of heavy metals in the urban soils were mainly found in cities located in coastal economically developed provinces (such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, etc.) and resource-based provinces (such as Hunan, Henan, Inner Mongolia, etc.). The cities of Kaifeng, Yangzhou, Hohhot, Taiyuan, and Xiangtan had relatively high Igeo values for heavy metals in the soils. The concentrations of heavy metals in soils from industrial areas and roadsides were significantly higher than those from residential areas and parks, suggesting that heavy traffic and developed heavy industry were the main causes of heavy metal accumulation in the urban soils. No significant correlations between the average concentrations of heavy metals in urban soil and urban economic and environmental indicators[such as permanent population, GDP, ρ (PM10), ρ(PM2.5), and SO2 emissions] were found. The concentrations of heavy metals in urban soils showed large spatial heterogeneity, and hence the average concentrations may not reflect the overall accumulation level in a city. The non-carcinogenic risks for children posed by heavy metals in urban soils were generally low, and the main risk contributor was Pb. However, the exposure to heavy metals in soils in cities with developed smelting industries is worthy of attention.

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