| 微塑料对海水抗生素抗性基因的影响 |
| 摘要点击 6827 全文点击 843 投稿时间：2021-01-03 修订日期：2021-01-27 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料 海水 抗生素 高通量定量PCR 抗生素抗性基因(ARGs) |
| 英文关键词 microplastics seawater antibiotic high-throughput qPCR antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 水环境中的微塑料和微生物抗生素抗性基因复合污染已经发展成为全球性的重大环境问题，给人类健康和生态环境带来新的挑战.海水中的微塑料残留日益增加，但是不同种类微塑料对海水抗生素抗性基因的干扰和影响还不是很清楚.选择了聚乙烯（PE）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）和具有一定水溶性的聚乙烯醇（PVA）这3种乙烯基微塑料，采集海水并添加微塑料进行了曝气培养实验（49 d），利用高通量定量PCR技术，研究微塑料对海水抗生素抗性基因的影响.结果表明，空白对照海水、添加PE海水、添加PVC海水和添加PVA海水抗生素抗性基因的种类分别为20、35、42和64种，微塑料使得海水中的抗生素抗性基因种类显著增多；在丰度水平上，空白对照海水、添加PE海水、添加PVC海水和添加PVA海水抗生素抗性基因的丰度分别为4.01×106、2.75×107、4.54×107和1.05×108 copies·L-1，微塑料显著增加了海水中抗生素抗性基因的丰度.因此，相较于空白对照海水，微塑料显著增加了海水抗生素抗性基因多样性和丰度水平；OLS回归分析显示，抗生素抗性基因与16S rRNA基因和可移动遗传元件有着显著正相关关系，说明微生物的丰度和基因水平转移机制能够影响海水抗生素抗性基因的分布、存续和演变. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The increasing and combined pollution of microplastics (MPs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments is a great ecological and health concern. However, MP-induced alterations to ARGs in seawater is poorly understood, impeding risk assessment of plastics. We profiled the diversity and abundance of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in seawater after the addition of three different MPs (PE, PVC, and PVA) and 49-day aerated incubation.A total of 20, 35, 42, and 64 ARGs were detected in BLK, PE, PVC, and PVA, with 2, 4, 2, and 3 MGEs, respectively. The absolute abundance of ARGs in the seawater aerated with MPs ranged from 4.01×106 copies ·L-1 to 1.05×108 copies ·L-1. Additionally, the variety and richness of ARGs and MGEs in PVA were significantly higher than in the original seawater, or the seawater aerated with the other two MPs. This indicates that PVA, which is water soluble, could induce more diverse and abundant ARGs in seawater. Significant correlations among ARGs, MGEs, and 16S rRNA genes were observed, implying that the occurrence of MGEs in seawater may accelerate the transmission of ARGs through horizontal gene transfer, and bacterial microorganisms could directly affect the propagation and dissemination of ARGs. |
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