| 会仙岩溶湿地丰平枯时期地下水金属元素污染与健康风险 |
| 摘要点击 2365 全文点击 834 投稿时间：2020-05-31 修订日期：2020-07-08 |
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| 中文关键词 会仙岩溶湿地 地下水 金属 污染评价 健康风险 |
| 英文关键词 Huixian Karst wetland groundwater metals pollution assessment health risk |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 李军 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 桂林 541004
河北建筑工程学院市政与环境工程系, 河北省水质工程与水资源综合利用重点实验室, 张家口 075000
联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 桂林 541004 | lipsgeology@karst.ac.cn | | 赵一 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 桂林 541004
联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 桂林 541004 | | | 邹胜章 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 桂林 541004
联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 桂林 541004 | | | 蓝芙宁 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 桂林 541004
联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 桂林 541004 | | | 樊连杰 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 桂林 541004
联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 桂林 541004 | | | 谢浩 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 桂林 541004
联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 桂林 541004 | | | 秦月 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 桂林 541004
联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 桂林 541004 | | | 朱丹尼 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 桂林 541004
联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 桂林 541004 | zdanni16@karst.ac.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 以我国面积最大的亚热带低海拔岩溶湿地为研究区，对该区不同时期（丰水期、平水期和枯水期）地下水27组样品中10种金属元素（Cd、Cr、As、Al、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn、Hg和Fe）进行测试和分析，分别运用综合污染评价法、多元统计分析及健康风险评价模型揭示了丰平枯时期地下水中10种金属元素的污染特征、分布状况和健康风险.结果表明，研究区地下水中金属元素的平均浓度大小为：Mn > Fe > Zn > Al > Hg > Cr > Cu > Cd > As > Pb，丰水期Mn（1022.00 μg·L-1）和平水期Hg（42.40 μg·L-1）最大浓度超过我国相关水质标准限值.据污染评价结果，丰水期地下水中仅Mn污染等级出现Ⅵ，Cd、Al、Zn、Fe污染等级均为Ⅲ，平水期仅Hg污染等级为Ⅵ，仅Al污染等级为Ⅲ.从金属元素超标组分、浓度和污染特征看，枯水期水质优于丰水期和平水期.地下水中Zn、Cd、Mn和Al浓度受人类活动影响，时间尺度特征不明显，As、Fe、Cu和Cr浓度即受人类活动影响，又具有一定时间尺度特征，Hg和Pb浓度主要表现为时间尺度特征.据健康风险评价结果，地下水中10种金属元素通过饮用水和皮肤入渗2种途径暴露的人群总健康风险大小为：平水期 > 丰水期 > 枯水期，Cr通过饮用水途径在丰水期（8.03×10-5 a-1和8.76×10-5 a-1）、平水期（1.15×10-4 a-1和1.26×10-4 a-1）和枯水期（8.72×10-5 a-1和9.51×10-5 a-1）引起的成人和儿童致癌风险均高于5.0×10-5 a-1，Cr是引起致癌健康风险的主要金属元素.从饮用水安全角度，饮用前应对会仙岩溶湿地部分地下水中Mn、Hg和Cr进行一定控制. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The concentrations of 10 metals (Cd, Cr, As, Al, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Hg, and Fe) in 27 groundwater samples collected during different periods (wet, normal, and dry) in the Huixian Karst wetland, the largest subtropical low-altitude karst wetland in China, were detected and analyzed to investigate pollution and health risks. The pollution characteristics, distribution, and health risks of the metals in groundwater were revealed by a comprehensive pollution assessment, multivariate statistical analysis, and health risk assessment model, respectively. The results showed that the average concentrations of metals in groundwater were followed the order of Mn > Fe > Zn > Al > Hg > Cr > Cu > Cd > As > Pb. The maximum concentration of Mn (1022.00 μg·L-1) was found in the wet season, while that of Hg (42.40 μg·L-1) was found in the normal season, and both were over the corresponding standard limits. The results of the pollution assessment indicated that only Mn pollution reached level Ⅵ in the wet season, while Cd, Al, Zn, and Fe pollution were at the level of Ⅲ. Only the Hg pollution level reached level Ⅵ while Al pollution reached the level of Ⅲ in the normal water period. According to the above results, the water quality in the dry season was better than that in the wet and normal seasons in terms of the 10 metals. The concentrations of Zn, Cd, Mn, and Al in groundwater were affected by human activities, while the time-scale characteristics of these were not obvious. The concentrations of As, Fe, Cu, and Cr were all affected by human activities and the time-scale, while the concentrations of Hg and Pb were mainly manifested in time-scale characteristics. The results of the health risk assessment of the water due to drinking and the skin penetration pathway indicated that the total health risks followed the order of normal season > the wet season > the dry season. The carcinogenic risks caused by Cr for adults and children through drinking pathway in the wet season (8.03×10-5 a-1 and 8.76×10-5 a-1), normal season (1.15×10-4 a-1 and 1.26×10-4 a-1),and dry season (8.72×10-5 a-1 and 9.51×10-5 a-1) exceeded the maximum allowed level (5.0×10-5 a-1) in all periods. Hence, Cr was the main metal element that caused carcinogenic risks. For the sake of drinking water safety, the concentrations of Mn, Hg, and Cr in groundwater should be controlled before drinking. |
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