| 城市河道表层水及沉积物中微塑料的污染现状与污染行为 |
| 摘要点击 2130 全文点击 901 投稿时间：2019-12-27 修订日期：2020-03-11 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料 城市河道 污染丰度 形状分布 聚合物组成 污染行为 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics urban rivers pollution abundance shape distribution polymer composition pollution behavior |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 河流是微塑料从陆地向海洋传输的关键路径，在近年来得到了越来越多的研究重视.但实际上，目前关于城市不同区域河道表层水及沉积物中微塑料的污染现状及污染行为研究仍十分有限，相关问题依然不甚清晰.本文以上海市中心城区及郊区城镇区域的8条河道作为研究对象，共采集16个河道表层水及沉积物样品，采用高速摄像仪和傅立叶红外变换光谱仪鉴定样品中微塑料的丰度、尺寸、颜色、形状和类型等特征.结果表明，上海市城市河道表层水中微塑料的平均丰度为（7.5±2.8）个·L-1，而沉积物中微塑料的平均丰度（以湿重计）则达到了（1575.5±758.4）个·kg-1.微塑料尺寸越小丰度越高.其中，低于500 μm、纤维状、透明色和聚酯类的微塑料始终在上海市城市河道中占据主导地位，但沉积物中的微塑料分布更具多样性.相对于国内外其他城市河道中的微塑料污染，上海市城市河道中的微塑料污染较为严重.不同城市河道中，微塑料的形状和聚合物类型分布受到来源（主要为洗衣废水、个人护理产品和塑料废弃物等）、水动力学条件和本身理化性质等各种因素的较大影响.还进一步讨论了城市河道中微塑料的污染行为（来源、传输与归趋），并解析了各种环境因子对其造成的潜在影响. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Rivers have been a subject of great concern in recent years as they have been found to be the critical path for the transmission of microplastics from terrestrial land to the ocean. However, the pollution status of microplastics and their behavior in the surface waters and sediments of urban rivers located in different urban areas remain unclear. In this study, 16 samples of surface water and sediment from eight rivers in the central and suburban areas of Shanghai Megacity were obtained and analyzed. High-speed cameras and Fourier transform infrared spectrometers were used to identify the abundance, size, color, shape, type, and other characteristics of microplastics in these samples. The results showed that the average abundance of microplastics in the surface waters of urban rivers in Shanghai Megacity was (7.5±2.8) pieces·L-1, while the corresponding average abundance in the sediment reached (1575.5±758.4)pieces·kg-1 (wet weight). The abundance of microplastics was found to increase with the decreasing particle diameter. Among which, microplastics with a size of less than 500 μm, as well as the fibrous shape, transparent color, and Polyester composition, have always dominated in the urban rivers in Shanghai megacity. Comparably, microplastics in the sediments were more diverse in their morphology features and polymer compositions. Microplastic pollution in the urban rivers in Shanghai megacity was severe in comparison to that in other urban rivers worldwide. Among various urban rivers, the distribution of microplastics with different morphology features and polymer compositions is greatly influenced by a number of factors including the source (e.g., mainly laundry wastewater, personal care products, and refuse plastic waste), hydrodynamic conditions, and the physical and chemical properties of plastics. Furthermore, the pollution behavior (i.e., source, transmission, and fate) of microplastics occurring in urban rivers is discussed, and the potential impacts of various environmental factors are explained. |
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