| 生物质炭对磷镉富集土壤中两种元素生物有效性及作物镉积累的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1636 全文点击 591 投稿时间：2019-11-30 修订日期：2019-12-22 |
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| 中文关键词 生物质炭(BC) 土壤-作物系统 磷镉富集土壤 镉钝化 土壤磷素活化 |
| 英文关键词 biochar(BC) soil-crop system phosphorus and cadmium enrichment soil cadmium passivation soil phosphorus activation |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 以磷镉富集土壤（总Cd 0.94mg·kg-1、全磷0.86g·kg-1）和低镉积累基因型红菜薹金秋红三号为供试材料，采用盆栽试验的方法，设置了绝对对照CK0（仅施NK无机肥）、相对对照CKp（施NPK无机肥）、生物质炭BC（BC+NK无机肥）和BC-CKp（BC+NPK）这4个处理，考察了土壤磷素和重金属Cd的生物有效性、植株可食部位生物量及其Cd累积特征和土壤基本性状等指标.结果表明，至作物收获时，添加生物质炭的BC和BC-CKp处理与未添加生物质炭的CK0和CKp处理相比，土壤有效Cd含量分别降低了8.23%和5.68%；同时土壤有效磷含量提高了11.60~16.26mg·kg-1.施加外源磷肥的CKp和BC-CKp处理土壤有效Cd含量与未施加磷肥的CK0和BC处理相比分别降低了31.43%和33.29%.除CK0处理外，其它3个处理（CKp、BC及BC-CKp）的红菜薹作物可食部位Cd含量均未超出我国食品安全国家标准（GB 2762-2017）中Cd的限定值0.1mg·kg-1.结果表明，将生物质炭输入到磷素富集的中、轻度Cd污染土壤中，能够同时实现土壤中重金属Cd钝化和磷素活化的双重功能；且在不额外使用磷素化肥的条件下，种植弱吸收低积累Cd的蔬菜作物基因型，既可以保证可食部位生物量增加，也可以使其可食部位重金属Cd含量满足食品安全国家标准. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Using phosphorus and cadmium enriched soil (total Cd is 0.94 mg·kg-1, total phosphorus is 0.86 g·kg-1) and low cadmium accumulation genotype Jinqiuhong 3 as experimental materials, we set up four treatments: absolute control (only NK inorganic fertilizer), relative control (CKp, NPK inorganic fertilizer), biochar (only NK inorganic fertilizer), and biochar+phosphate fertilizer (BC-CKp). The availability of phosphorus and heavy metal Cd in soil, the biomass, Cd accumulation characteristics of edible parts of plants, and the basic characteristics of soil were investigated. The results showed that the content of available Cd in soil decreased by 8.23% and 5.68% by BC and BC-CKp treatment with biochar compared with CK0 and CKp treatment without biochar, respectively. At the same time, the content of available phosphorus in soil significantly increased 11.60-16.26 mg·kg-1 of biochar. The content of available Cd in CKp and BC-CKp treated with exogenous phosphate fertilizer was significantly lower than that in CK0 and BC treatments without phosphate fertilizer by 31.43% and 33.29%, respectively. In addition to CK0 treatment, the Cd content of edible parts of Brassica campestris bolting crops in the other three treatment groups (CKp, BC, and BC-CKp) did not exceed the limit value of Cd of the China Food Safety National Standard (GB 2762-2017) of 0.1 mg·kg-1. The results showed that the dual functions of heavy metal Cd passivation and phosphorus activation could be realized by injecting biochar into moderate and mild Cd contaminated soil with phosphorus enrichment at the same time. Under the condition of no additional use of phosphorus fertilizer, planting vegetable crop genotypes with weak absorption and low accumulation of Cd can not only ensure an increase in biomass of edible parts but can also ensure that the heavy metal Cd content in edible parts meets the national standard of food safety. |
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