| 海洋沉积物中细菌DNA和RNA水平群落差异 |
| 摘要点击 1743 全文点击 612 投稿时间：2019-11-08 修订日期：2019-11-29 |
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| 中文关键词 沉积物 细菌群落 活性 DNA RNA |
| 英文关键词 sediment bacterial community active DNA RNA |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 李明月 | 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院, 青岛 266100
青岛海洋科学技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 青岛 266071
海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100 | myligoahead@163.com | | 杨雨虹 | 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院, 青岛 266100
青岛海洋科学技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 青岛 266071
海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100 | | | 米铁柱 | 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院, 青岛 266100
青岛海洋科学技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 青岛 266071
海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100 | | | 贺惠 | 中国海洋大学海洋生命学院, 青岛 266003 | | | 甄毓 | 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院, 青岛 266100
青岛海洋科学技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 青岛 266071
海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100 | zhenyu@ouc.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 海洋沉积物中的微生物在生物地球化学循环中具有重要作用.目前，细菌群落的研究多基于16S rRNA基因（DNA）展开，但DNA不仅包括活性微生物DNA也包括非活性微生物DNA，而RNA水平则可表征环境中具有活性的微生物种群.本研究采用荧光定量PCR和Illumina高通量测序技术，在DNA和RNA水平上研究了渤海和南黄海表层沉积物中细菌群落结构.结果表明，细菌DNA基因丰度比RNA基因丰度高1~2个数量级，DNA水平群落多样性高于RNA水平，二者群落结构差异显著.沉积物中的细菌具有活跃的化能异养、硫酸盐还原和硝化作用.基于16S rRNA基因的测序在探索微生物群落功能时可能会误判重要的功能微生物，总细菌群落中的"稀有生物圈"可能包含转录活跃者，发挥着重要的生物地球化学作用.总体而言，在分析来自稳定沉积环境的细菌群落结构时，基于16S rRNA的研究更能反映真实的生态状况. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Microorganisms in marine sediments play crucial roles in biogeochemical processes. Currently, 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing is popular for studying bacterial communities; however, the DNA used in analysis can include not only that from active microorganisms but also that from inactive microorganisms, while the RNA can represent active microorganisms and more recent activity in the environment; therefore, a study of the difference between the total bacterial community based on the 16S rRNA gene and the active bacterial community based on 16S rRNA will support a better understanding of bacterial community structure and function in marine sediments. In this study, the total and active bacterial community structures in surface sediments from the Bohai Sea and South Yellow Sea were investigated at DNA and RNA level using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Illumina high-throughput sequencing, respectively. The results show that the 16S rRNA gene abundances of bacterial communities are 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than the transcript abundances. The total bacterial community is more diverse compared to the active bacterial community, and there are distinct differences between them. The bacteria in the sediments take part in active chemoheterotrophy, sulfate reduction, and nitrification. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing misestimates some important functional microbiota when exploring bacterial community functions. The ‘rare biosphere’ in the total bacterial communities consists of actively transcriptional players, which could play key roles in biogeochemistry cycles. Overall, in the analysis of bacterial communities in marine sediments from a stable sedimentary environment, it is beneficial to use the 16S rRNA sequencing to reflect the true ecological status. |
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