| 北京市道路扬尘重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险 |
| 摘要点击 2286 全文点击 916 投稿时间：2019-03-11 修订日期：2019-04-05 |
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| 中文关键词 道路扬尘 PM10与PM2.5 重金属 富集因子 潜在生态风险 年际变化 |
| 英文关键词 road dust PM10 and PM2.5 heavy metal enrichment factor potential ecological risk interannual variation |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 胡月琪 | 北京市环境保护监测中心, 大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048 | huyueqi@bjmemc.com.cn | | 郭建辉 | 北京市环境保护监测中心, 大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048 | | | 张超 | 北京市环境保护监测中心, 大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048 | | | 王铮 | 北京市环境保护监测中心, 大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048 | | | 颜旭 | 北京市环境保护监测中心, 大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048 | | | 杨懂艳 | 北京市环境保护监测中心, 大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048 | | | 刘兆莹 | 北京市环境保护监测中心, 大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 以北京市代表性道路扬尘2004年的PM10与PM2.5和2013年的PM2.5中21种无机元素含量为基础，分析和探讨北京市道路扬尘重金属污染特征及其潜在生态风险.结果表明，北京市道路扬尘中6种主要元素为Si、Ca、Al、Fe、Mg和K，其含量之和占所有被测元素含量的比例分别为：2004年PM10为96.51%、2004年PM2.5为96.42%和2013年PM2.5为96.53%.2004年北京市道路扬尘中元素富集水平、重金属污染程度和潜在生态风险总体表现为：PM2.5>PM10；燃煤烟尘特征元素Se在2004年的PM2.5中、Cd在2004年的PM10与PM2.5中均为极强富集，富集因子分别为1024.03、68.15和871.55；Co、Zn、Ca和Cu属显著富集，其富集因子在2004年PM10中分别为12.93、12.33、8.30和8.07，在PM2.5中分别为17.41、21.80、12.83和19.73；但Na和Si在道路扬尘中均无富集.重金属的污染载荷指数（PLI）在2004年PM10中为3.95，PM2.5为7.71.2013年北京市道路扬尘PM2.5中重金属污染水平和潜在生态风险较2004年均显著降低，在2013年PM2.5中，Cd和Se的富集因子分别下降为98.47和0.95；Cu、Ca和Zn富集因子分别下降为11.90、8.84和8.20；PLI下降为2.56.研究表明，北京市道路扬尘多种重金属总的潜在生态风险极强，重金属Cd为极显著污染因子和主要的潜在生态风险来源，其潜在生态风险指数（RI）对重金属总的RI贡献超过85%.2004年北京市道路扬尘主干道重金属污染程度明显高于其它道路类型，PM10表现为：主干道 > 高速进京口 > 次干道 > 环路，PM2.5表现为：主干道 > 环路 > 高速进京口 > 次干道；而2013年PM2.5表现为：高速进京口 > 主干道 > 环路 > 次干道，且次干道重金属污染水平显著低于其它道路类型.2013年北京市道路扬尘PM2.5中，重金属Ti、Zn、V、Cr、Cu、Pb和Ni相关性显著，主要来源于与交通有关的排放. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Based on the concentrations of 21 inorganic elements in particulate matter with diameters less than 10 μm (PM10) in 2004, and PM2.5 in 2004 and 2013 of representative road dust in Beijing, the pollution characteristics and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in this dust were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that the six main elements in road dust in Beijing were Si, Ca, Al, Fe, Mg, and K, and the proportions of the total content of the six elements in PM10 in 2004, PM2.5 in 2004, and PM2.5 in 2013 accounted for 96.51%, 96.42%, and 96.53% of the total content of all elements tested, respectively. The elemental enrichment level and the pollution degree and the potential ecological risk of heavy metal in road dust in Beijing in 2004 were PM2.5>PM10. Se, a characteristic element of coal dust, was highly enriched in PM2.5 in 2004, and Cd was high in PM10 and PM2.5 in 2004 with enrichment factors of 1024.03, 68.15, and 871.55, respectively. Co, Zn, Ca, and Cu were significantly enriched in PM10 and PM2.5 in 2004 with enrichment factors of 12.93, 12.33, 8.30, and 8.07 in PM10 and 17.41, 21.80, 12.83, and 19.73 in PM2.5, respectively; Na and Si were not enriched in the road dust. The pollution load index (PLI) of heavy metals was 3.95 in PM10 and 7.71 in PM2.5 in 2004. Owing to the implementation of dust, motor vehicles, and combustion source control measures in Beijing and the relocation of the Shougang corporation, the elemental enrichment level, pollution degree, and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in road dust PM2.5 in 2013 were significantly lower than those in 2004. The enrichment factors of Cd and Se in PM2.5 in 2013 decreased to 98.47 and 0.95, respectively; those of Cu, Ca, and Zn decreased to 11.90, 8.84, and 8.20, respectively; and PLI decreased to 2.56. The results showed that the total potential ecological risk of heavy metals in road dust in Beijing was extremely strong. Heavy metal Cd was the most significant pollution factor and the main potential ecological risk source; its potential ecological risk index (RI) contribution to the total RI of heavy metals was more than 85%. In 2004, the pollution degree of heavy metals in road dust of main roads was significantly higher than that for other road types. The pollution degree of heavy metals in PM10 was main road > expressway entrance to Beijing > secondary main road > ring road; that for PM2.5 was main road > ring road > expressway entrance to Beijing > secondary main road. For PM2.5 in 2013, however, the order was expressway entrance to Beijing > main road > ring road > secondary main road. The pollution degree of heavy metals in road dust of secondary main roads was significantly lower than that for other road types. In 2013, for road dust PM2.5 in Beijing, the correlation of heavy metals Ti, Zn, V, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Ni was significant owing mainly to traffic-related emissions. |
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