| 2015~2016年北京市3次空气重污染红色预警PM2.5成因分析及效果评估 |
| 摘要点击 3510 全文点击 1089 投稿时间：2018-06-10 修订日期：2018-07-09 |
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| 中文关键词 PM2.5 北京 重污染 红色预警 应急措施 |
| 英文关键词 PM2.5 Beijing heavy air pollution red alert emergency measures |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 吕喆 | 北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院, 区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室, 北京 100124 | lvzhe@emails.bjut.edu.cn | | 魏巍 | 北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院, 区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室, 北京 100124 | | | 周颖 | 北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院, 区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室, 北京 100124 | | | 程水源 | 北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院, 区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室, 北京 100124 | chengsy@bjut.edu.cn | | 王晓琦 | 北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院, 区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室, 北京 100124 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 北京市空气重污染应急指挥部分别于2015年12月7日18：00、12月18日07：00和2016年12月15日13：00发布了3次空气重污染红色预警.为了厘清3次红色预警的成因差异，评估应急措施在应对空气重污染的有效性，本文基于北京市环境和气象监测数据，分析了红色预警期间PM2.5浓度、气象条件、天气形势及气团传输.3次预警期间均受污染物二次转化影响，但造成高浓度PM2.5的原因主要为气象条件影响.第1、第2次预警期间，地面受均压场控制，区域传输分别受西南和南部气团影响，第3次预警地面受大范围低压场控制，受西南传输及局地气团叠加影响.第3次红色预警期间北京市PM2.5污染最为严重，PM2.5平均小时浓度最高为273.6 μg·m-3，是前两次预警的1.2倍和1.3倍.此外，结合各污染源减排量，采用WRF-CMAQ模式对第3次红色预警应急措施效果进行评估，结果表明：应急措施实施后，污染物日平均减排量为678.4 t，PM2.5质量浓度平均下降了79.1 μg·m-3，平均下降比例为26.9%.应急措施中增加燃煤源及加大交通源和其他源控制、预警启动时间提前及区域间联防联控有效缓解了PM2.5浓度加重趋势. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Beijing authorities issued three red alerts for heavy air pollution at 6 pm on December 7 and 7 am on December 18, 2015, and at 1 pm on December 15, 2016, respectively. To better understand the different causes of the three red alerts and assess the effectiveness of emergency measures dealing with heavy air pollution, the PM2.5 concentrations, meteorological conditions, weather conditions, and air mass transmission were analyzed during the red alerts using data from environmental and meteorological monitoring stations in Beijing. All three red alerts were affected by secondary transformation, but the high PM2.5 concentrations were mainly affected by meteorological conditions. During the first and second red alerts, the ground in Beijing was controlled by a uniform pressure field and the regional transport was mainly affected by southwestern and southern air masses. During the third red alert, the ground was under the control of a wide range of low pressure and affected by the superposition of southwestern and local air masses. During the third red alert, the PM2.5 pollution was the most serious. Its average concentration was the highest (273.6 μg·m-3), that is, 1.2 times and 1.3 times higher than that of the previous two alerts, respectively. The WRF-CMAQ model was used in combination with the emission reduction of each source to evaluate the effects of the emergency measures related to the third red alert. The results show that the average daily emission reduction of pollutants was 678.4 t, the average concentration of PM2.5 decreased by 79.1 μg·m-3, and the average reduction ratio was 26.9% after the emergency measures were implemented. The increase of coal-fires, traffic, and other sources control the emergency measures, early alert start-up time, and inter-region joint prevention and effectively mitigate the increasing PM2.5 concentration. |
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