| 隧道中机动车排放颗粒物及无机元素特征 |
| 摘要点击 2099 全文点击 754 投稿时间：2017-06-22 修订日期：2017-08-28 |
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| 中文关键词 隧道 无机元素 富集因子 因子分析 天津市 |
| 英文关键词 tunnel inorganic element enrichment factor factor analysis Tianjin |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 李凤华 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 城市交通污染防治研究中心, 天津 300071 | li_fenghua66@126.com | | 张衍杰 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 城市交通污染防治研究中心, 天津 300071 | | | 张静 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 城市交通污染防治研究中心, 天津 300071 | | | 袁远 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 城市交通污染防治研究中心, 天津 300071 | | | 吴琳 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 城市交通污染防治研究中心, 天津 300071 | dr.wu@msn.com | | 毛洪钧 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 城市交通污染防治研究中心, 天津 300071 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 于2015年9月对天津市张自忠隧道不同地点（隧道内和隧道外）进行PM2.5采集，分析其中17种无机元素，并应用PCA受体模型对元素来源进行解析.结果表明，隧道内外PM2.5的日均浓度分别为（94.79±62.78）μg ·m-3和（83.92±61.60）μg ·m-3，受机动车污染影响较大，且工作日高于非工作日，高峰时段隧道内PM2.5浓度与机动车流量呈现一定相关性.隧道内，Si、Fe、Al、Ca和Mg浓度偏高，质量分数占分析元素的98.48%，受机动车影响较小，而Fe及微量重金属（Zn、Cu、Pb等）与机动车污染相关.通过Wilcoxon Signed-Rank检验，Ba、Cu、Zn、Mo、Sn和Sb于隧道内外存在显著性差异.富集因子（EF）结果显示，在隧道内外，Co、Mn、Cr、Ca、Mg、Ba、Fe、Mo和V的EF<5，主要来自地壳源，Cu、Zn、Pb、Sn、Sb和Cd的EF>5，受人为源影响较大.因子分析结果显示，隧道内主要污染源为磨损排放和燃油燃烧的混合源、土壤扬尘源和柴油车燃烧，其中将机动车污染源继续进行因子分析，污染源主要包括轮胎磨损和尾气排放、刹车磨损和尾气排放及柴油车排放. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Respirable particulate matter(PM2.5)samples were collected at different locations (inside and outside the tunnel) at the Zhang Zizhong Tunnel in Tianjin in September 2015. Seventeen inorganic elements were measured, and the sources were analyzed by the PCA receptor model. The results show that the daily average concentration of PM2.5 inside and outside the tunnel is (94.79±62.78) μg·m-3 and (83.92±61.60) μg·m-3, respectively. The concentration during the working day is higher than on a non-working day, and, to a certain extent, PM2.5 concentration in the tunnel during peak periods is correlated with the vehicle flow, which indicates that PM2.5 concentration is affected by motor vehicle pollution seriously. In the tunnel, the concentrations of Si, Fe, Al, Ca, and Mg are higher, the mass fraction reach 98.48% of all analyzed elements and these elements are less affected by vehicles. Fe and trace heavy metals (Zn, Cu, and Pb) are related closely to motor vehicle pollution. From the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, there are significant differences in Ba, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, and Sb inside and outside the tunnel. Enrichment factors inside and outside the tunnel show that the enrichment factor ratios of Co, Mn, Cr, Ca, Mg, Ba, Fe, Mo, and V are less than 5, which are mainly from the crust. In addition, the enrichment factor ratios of Cu, Zn, Pb, Sn, Sb, and Cd are greater than 5, which are affected largely by anthropogenic sources. The factor analysis indicates that the main pollution sources in the tunnel are the mixed sources of wear and the combustion of fuel, the dust, and the combustion of diesel vehicles. In addition, in order to analyze the source of motor vehicle pollution further, a factor analysis indicates that the main pollution sources are tire wear and exhaust emission, brake wear and exhaust emissions, and diesel emissions. |
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