| 高原城市昆明公路隧道大气中PM2.5理化特征分析 |
| 摘要点击 1949 全文点击 717 投稿时间：2017-02-13 修订日期：2017-06-29 |
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| 中文关键词 PM2.5 高原隧道 化学组分 机动车尾气 主成分分析 |
| 英文关键词 PM2.5 plateau tunnel chemical composition automobile exhaust principal component analysis (PCA) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王成辉 | 昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 昆明 650500 | 412818157@qq.com | | 闫琨 | 云南省环境监测中心站, 昆明 650000 | | | 韩新宇 | 昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 昆明 650500 | | | 施择 | 云南省环境监测中心站, 昆明 650000 | | | 毕丽玫 | 昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 昆明 650500
云南省环境监测中心站, 昆明 650000 | | | 向峰 | 昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 昆明 650500
云南省环境监测中心站, 昆明 650000 | | | 宁平 | 昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 昆明 650500 | | | 史建武 | 昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 昆明 650500 | shijianwu2000@sina.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为研究高原地区机动车尾气排放特征，选取昆明市草海隧道内大气PM2.5为研究对象，并对样品中的水溶性离子、碳组分、多环芳烃、无机元素进行分析.结果表明，隧道内PM2.5质量浓度为225.65~312.84 μg·m-3，是同期环境大气中PM2.5浓度的11~14倍，PM2.5中碳组分所占比重最高，约占总质量浓度的35.73%，其次无机元素占21.78%，离子组分在4.79%~5.52%之间，含量最低的是多环芳烃，占0.25%~0.32%；离子组分中Ca2+和SO42-含量较高，占总离子浓度的77.78%~80.17%，显示为地壳来源，其次是NH4+、NO3-的浓度也相对较高，主要来自机动车尾气源；草海隧道PM2.5中以分子量相对较大、不易挥发的4、6环PAHs为主，机动车尾气对PM2.5中多环芳烃的贡献十分显著，毒性最强的BaP浓度是国家规定浓度限值的23~29倍，高原草海隧道大气中存在PM2.5暴露健康风险；隧道大气PM2.5中元素由PCA分析显示机动车尾气和道路扬尘来源占比约61.64%，其次机械磨损排放源占比约为17.49%，最后为轮胎磨损排放源，占比为9.11%；云贵高原大气低压低氧条件下，机动车发动机燃料不完全燃烧几率较高，导致机动车尾气PM2.5中的OC以及PAHs排放量增加. |
| 英文摘要 |
| This research aimed to determine the characteristics of the motor vehicle exhaust emissions in the plateau area. The PM2.5 was evaluated in the Caohai Tunnel of Kunming for this study by measuring the water-soluble inorganic ions, carbonaceous species, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and inorganic elements in air samples. The results showed that the mass concentration of PM2.5 in the tunnel was about 225.65-312.84 μg·m-3, which is 11-14 times the PM2.5 concentration in the ambient atmosphere. The carbonaceous species were the most abundant species, constituting 35.73% of the total PM2 5 mass, followed by inorganic elements constituting about 21.78% and the water-soluble inorganic ions in the range of 4.79%-5.52%. The smallest proportion of the PM2.5 was PAH, constituting about 0.25%-0.32%. The Ca2+ and SO42- concentrations were the highest among the water-soluble inorganic ions, which accounted for about 77.78%-80.17% of the total ions and from the crust source. NH4+ and NO3- are relatively high, coming mainly from automobile exhausts. The 4 and 6 ring PAHs with higher molecular weight and lower volatility were the dominant components of PM2.5 in the Caohai Tunnel. The automobile exhaust contributing to PAHs in PM2.5 is very significant. The most poisonous single BaP concentration is 23-29 times higher than the state regulations exposure limit, and it has reached a hazardous level. It is obvious that there are health risks from the exposure to PM2.5 in the plateau highway tunnel. A principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the sources of road dust and automobile exhaust emission were about 61.64%, followed by mechanical wear and emissions that accounted for about 17.49% and tire wear emission sources that accounted for 9.11% of the total PM2.5. Under the conditions of hypobaric hypoxia in the Yun-Gui plateau, there is a greater chance of incomplete combustion of motor vehicle fuels, resulting in the increase in OC and PAHs in PM2.5 emissions. |
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