| 北京市典型区域夏季降水及其对大气污染物的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1928 全文点击 872 投稿时间：2016-10-20 修订日期：2017-01-11 |
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| 中文关键词 大气降水 典型降水过程 化学组分 大气污染物 成因 |
| 英文关键词 atmospheric precipitation typical precipitation process chemical composition atmospheric pollutant cause |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 韩力慧 | 北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院, 区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室, 北京 100124 | hlh@bjut.edu.cn | | 张海亮 | 北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院, 区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室, 北京 100124 | | | 向欣 | 北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院, 区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室, 北京 100124 | | | 张鹏 | 北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院, 区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室, 北京 100124 | | | 程水源 | 北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院, 区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室, 北京 100124 | | | 魏巍 | 北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院, 区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室, 北京 100124 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 通过采集北京市典型区域2015年夏季大气降水样品，分析研究了大气降水的理化特性，典型降水过程化学组分的变化特征、成因以及对大气污染物的影响.结果表明，北京市典型区域夏季降水pH值范围为5.15~7.34，雨量加权平均值为6.21，酸雨率极低.降水中污染元素Cd、Ca和Mn呈现中度富集，Cu、Zn、Pb和S呈现严重富集；Ca和S是降水中主要污染元素，分别占总污染元素浓度的45.43%和43.93%，Zn、Mn、Cu、Pb和Cd是降水中主要重金属污染元素，占总污染元素浓度的1.32%.降水速率不同的降水对大气污染物的影响作用也有所不同.降水速率较大的降水对PM2.5的清除作用较小，对SO2、NO2和O3的清除作用较大，且影响机制表现为4个重要过程：大气污染物的清除、累积、累积和清除、清除.降水速率较小的降水主要以云内雨除为主，对PM2.5、SO2、NO2和O3的云下清除作用较小，且影响机制表现为：污染物的清除、清除和累积、累积、以及清除为特征的4个重要过程.降水速率较大的降水对大气污染物的清除作用大于降水速率较小的降水. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Atmospheric precipitation samples were collected in a representative region of Beijing in summer of 2015 to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of atmospheric precipitation, the changes and causes of major chemical components in rainwater during the course of typical precipitation, and the impacts of typical precipitation processes on atmospheric pollutants. The volume-weighted mean pH value of rainwater in the representative region of Beijing in summer was 6.21 with the range of 5.15-7.34,and acid rain seldom occurred. The pollution elements Cd, Ca and Mn were moderately enriched, and Cu, Zn, Pb and S were seriously enriched in rainwater, of which Ca and S were main pollution elements, which accounted for 45.43% and 43.93% of the total pollution elements respectively, and Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb and Cd were main heavy metal pollution elements, which accounted for 1.32% of the total pollution elements. Different rates of precipitations could have different impacts on atmospheric pollutants. PM2.5 could be scavenged by raindrop, and SO2, NO2 and O3 could be scavenged greatly by raindrop during the precipitation episode at a relatively high rainfall rate, containing four significant stages, such as clear-out of atmospheric pollutants, accumulation, both accumulation and clear-out, and another clear-out of airborne pollutants. Atmospheric pollutants such as PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and O3 could mainly be scavenged by in-cloud scavenging processes during the precipitation episode at a relatively low rainfall rate, including four important stages, such as clear-out, both clear-out and accumulation, accumulation, and another clear-out of atmospheric pollutants. The effect of rainfall at a relatively high rate on atmospheric pollutants was bigger than that of rainfall at a relatively low rate. |
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