| 生活污水灌溉对麦秸还田稻田氨挥发排放的影响 |
| 摘要点击 2483 全文点击 1092 投稿时间：2016-04-19 修订日期：2016-05-18 |
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| 中文关键词 稻田 秸秆还田 污水灌溉 氨挥发 田面水铵浓度 |
| 英文关键词 paddy fields straw returning sewage irrigation ammonia volatilization NH4+-N concentration in the flood water |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 徐珊珊 | 南京农业大学农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室, 南京 210095
江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 | 229528798@qq.com | | 侯朋福 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 | | | 范立慧 | 南京农业大学农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室, 南京 210095
江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 | | | 薛利红 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 | njxuelihong@gmail.com | | 杨林章 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014
江苏滩涂生物农业协同创新中心, 盐城 224002 | | | 王绍华 | 南京农业大学农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室, 南京 210095 | | | 李刚华 | 南京农业大学农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室, 南京 210095 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 以养分回用为目的，在原状土柱模拟试验条件下，采用间歇密闭式抽气法研究了生活污水灌溉对麦秸还田稻田田面水铵态氮浓度、田面水pH以及稻田氨挥发损失的影响. 结果表明：1麦秸还田显著增加了田面水NH4+-N浓度，生活污水灌溉则显著降低了田面水NH4+-N浓度. 2正常灌溉施肥秸秆不还田稻田处理的总氨挥发量为58.29 kg·hm-2，占总施氮量的24.29%；麦秸还田显著增加了稻田的氨挥发损失，氨挥发损失量增加了近一倍，达总施氮量的45.66%；而生活污水灌溉显著降低了稻田氨挥发损失量，氨挥发损失量降至总施肥量的17.26%（秸秆不还田）和32.72%（秸秆还田）. 秸秆还田与生活污水处理具有显著的正交互作用. 在3个肥期中，分蘖肥期氨挥发损失率最高，占总氮肥用量的7.38%~24.44%. 3无论秸秆还田与否，氨挥发通量与田面水NH4+-N浓度之间均存在极显著的正相关关系，与田面水pH值则相关性不显著. 麦秸还田增加了稻田氨挥发损失，而麦秸还田与生活污水灌溉耦合能降低稻田氨挥发损失，同时污水中的氮可替代44.41%的化肥氮，减少稻季化肥用量，具有显著的生态环境效益. |
| 英文摘要 |
| A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of straw returning and domestic sewage irrigation on the dynamics of NH4+-N concentration and pH in the flood water, and ammonia volatilization of paddy fields. The results showed that the NH4+-N concentration in flood water was significantly increased by wheat straw returning while significantly decreased by domestic sewage irrigation. The cumulative ammonia volatilization in the whole rice season under tap water irrigation and straw removal treatment was 58.29 kg·hm-2, accounting for 24.29% of the total N applied. The N loss ratio of ammonia volatilization was significantly increased to 45.66% by wheat straw returning, while significantly decreased to 17.26% under straw removal and 32.72% under straw returning by domestic sewage irrigation. Significant positive interaction was observed between straw incorporation and domestic sewage irrigation on ammonia volatilization loss. The average N loss from ammonia volatilization during the tillering stage was the highest among the three fertilization stages, accounting for 7.38%-24.44% of the total N applied. In addition, ammonia volatilization fluxes showed a significant positive correlation with the flood water NH4+-N concentration, irrespective of the irrigation water, but had no significant correlation with pH. These results indicated that straw returning increased ammonia volatilization losses, whereas domestic sewage irrigation could effectively reduce ammonia volatilization losses and simultaneously replace 44.41% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by the N contained in the domestic sewage. The combination of domestic sewage irrigation and straw returning would be an ecological and environmental-friendly measure for rice nitrogen management in Taihu Lake region. |
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