| 三峡库区腹地大气微量金属干湿沉降特征 |
| 摘要点击 2929 全文点击 1158 投稿时间：2015-07-26 修订日期：2015-09-23 |
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| 中文关键词 干湿沉降 微量金属 三峡库区 腹地 酸雨 |
| 英文关键词 wet and dry deposition heavy metals Three Gorges Reservoir hinterland acid rain |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为研究三峡库区腹地大气微量金属沉降特征,在万州城区采样点收集了2014年1月~6月的干湿沉降样品,在云阳晒经村(工厂区)、 云阳高阳(场镇郊区)、 开县白家溪(自然保护区)、 开县野塘溪(县郊区)、 开县大德(乡村区)收集了2014年4月的干湿沉降样品; 分别测定了样品的pH值、 电导率和微量金属元素(Al、 As、 B、 Ba、 Bi、 Cd、 Co、 Cr、 Cu、 Fe、 Li、 Mn、 Pb、 Ni、 Sb、 Sr、 Sn、 Ti、 Zn、 V). 结果表明:1万州城区酸雨频率为48.44%,酸雨主要集中在1~4月. 不同功能区酸雨频率高低顺序为:工厂区 > 万州城区 > 县郊区 > 场镇郊区 > 自然保护区 > 乡村区. 2湿沉降中20种微量金属质量浓度均低于国家地表水环境质量标准Ⅲ级标准限值,而Cd、 Cu、 Pb和Zn不同程度超Ⅰ级标准限值,其中工厂区相对严重. 3万州城区干沉降提取液pH值在4.91~6.74之间,平均为5.79. 各功能区干沉降酸度高低顺序为:工厂区 > 县郊区 > 万州城区 > 乡村区 > 场镇郊区 > 自然保护区,这与湿沉降酸度顺序完全一致,说明干湿沉降中主要酸性物质具有同源性. 4万州城区Ba、 Co、 Cu、 Cr、 Li、 Mn、 Ni、 Sr、 Zn干沉降超过湿沉降,而Al、 As、 B、 Bi、 Cd、 Fe、 Pb、 Sb、 Sn、 Ti、 V湿沉降大于干沉降. 富集因子分析表明,万州城区Al为中等富集,Bi和Cd显著富集. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In order to investigate the characteristics of atmospheric trace metals deposition in the hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the wet and dry deposition samples were collected at an urban area sampling site in Wanzhou during January to June 2014. Besides, the samples were collected at five other sampling sites in April 2014 for comparative analysis, including factory region, town suburb, nature reserve, county suburb, and rural area. pH, conductivity, and trace metals (Al, As, B, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Pb, Ni, Sb, Sr, Sn, Ti, Zn, V) were analyzed. In urban area, the acid rain frequency was 48.44%, and the acid rain occurred mainly in the period of January to April. The order of acid rain frequency in various functional areas was factory region > urban area > county suburb > town suburb > nature reserve > county rural area. All of the trace metals in wet deposition during the sampling period were lower than the National Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water Standard of Class Ⅲ. Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were found exceeding the standard of class Ⅰ, and the pollution in factory region was more serious compared to other functional areas. The extract pH of dry deposition in urban area was in the range of 4.91-6.74, with an average value of 5.79. The order of dry deposition in various functional areas was factory region > county suburb > urban area > county rural area > town suburb > nature reserve, which was exactly the same as that of the wet deposition, indicating the similar sources of dry and wet deposition. In urban area, the contents of Ba, Co, Cu, Cr, Li, Mn, Ni, Sr, Zn in dry deposition were greater than those in wet deposition, but the contents of Al, As, B, Bi, Cd, Fe, Pb, Sb, Sn, Ti, V showed the opposite trend. Analysis of the enrichment factors showed that Al was in moderate enrichment, while Bi and Cd were significantly enriched. |
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