| 关中地区冬季PM2.5中碳气溶胶的污染特征及来源解析 |
| 摘要点击 3718 全文点击 1413 投稿时间：2015-04-06 修订日期：2015-09-29 |
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| 中文关键词 PM2.5 有机碳 元素碳 来源解析 正定矩阵因子分析法 关中地区 |
| 英文关键词 PM2.5 organic carbon (OC) elemental carbon (EC) source apportionment positive matrix factorization (PMF) Guanzhong area |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 田鹏山 | 中国科学院地球环境研究所, 气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室, 西安 710061
深圳市深港产学研环保工程技术股份有限公司, 深圳 518055 | tianps@ieecas.cn | | 曹军骥 | 中国科学院地球环境研究所, 气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室, 西安 710061 | cao@loess.llqg.ac.cn | | 韩永明 | 中国科学院地球环境研究所, 气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室, 西安 710061 | | | 张宁宁 | 中国科学院地球环境研究所, 气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室, 西安 710061 | | | 张蓉 | 中国科学院地球环境研究所, 气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室, 西安 710061 | | | 刘随心 | 中国科学院地球环境研究所, 气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室, 西安 710061 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为研究关中地区冬季PM2.5中碳气溶胶的污染特征和来源,于2012年12月至2013年2月在西安、 宝鸡、 渭南和秦岭进行PM2.5的采集,并利用热光反射法测定了样品中的有机碳(organic carbon, OC)和元素碳(elemental carbon, EC). 结果表明,4个采样点OC的平均质量浓度分别为47.8、 45.8、 31.2和37.0 μg ·m-3,EC分别为8.5、 6.7、 7.6和5.7 μg ·m-3,总碳气溶胶(total carbonaceous aerosol, TCA)分别占PM2.5的36.4%、 46.2%、 36.9%和33.4%. OC和EC的相关性在西安(R2=0.93)和秦岭(R2=0.91)高于宝鸡(R2=0.58)和渭南(R2=0.62),表明OC和EC在西安和秦岭可能具有更为相似的来源,也可能具有更高的混合程度. 所有样品的OC/EC比值均大于2.0,表明有二次气溶胶(secondary organic carbon, SOC)的生成,4个采样点SOC分别占OC的21.6%、 40.3%、 23.2%和27.8%. 正定矩阵因子分析法(positive matrix factorization, PMF)解析结果显示,燃煤是关中地区冬季碳气溶胶的首要来源,占45.3%~47.9%,汽油车和生物质燃烧是次要来源,分别占26.1%~33.1%和14.3%~20.1%,此外柴油车也有一定贡献. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To study the characteristics and sources of carbonaceous aerosol in PM2.5 during winter in Guanzhong area, PM2.5 samples were collected from December 2012 to February 2013 in Xi'an, Baoji, Weinan and Qinling, and then organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were analyzed following the thermal/optical reflection protocol. The average concentrations of OC in the four sites were 47.8, 45.8, 31.2 and 37.0 μg ·m-3, respectively, while EC concentrations were 8.5, 6.7, 7.6 and 5.7 μg ·m-3, respectively. Total carbonaceous aerosol (TCA) accounted for 36.4%, 46.2%, 36.9% and 33.4% of PM2.5, respectively. OC was strongly correlated with EC in Xi'an (R2=0.93) and Qinling (R2=0.91), while weakly correlated in Baoji (R2=0.58) and Weinan (R2=0.62), which indicated that OC and EC had more similar sources or higher mixing degree in the former two sites. All OC/EC ratios exceeded 2.0, which indicated the formation of secondary organic carbon (SOC). In Xi'an, Baoji, Weinan and Qinling, SOC accounted for 21.6%, 40.3%, 23.2% and 27.8% of OC, respectively. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to analyze the sources of carbonaceous aerosol and four sources were obtained. Coal burning was the major source, contributing 45.3%-47.9% in Guanzhong area. Gasoline vehicle and biomass burning were the minor sources, contributing 26.1%-33.1% and 14.3%-20.1%, respectively. In addition, diesel vehicle also had some contribution to carbonaceous aerosol. |
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