| 大庆湖泊群水体和淡水鱼中多环芳烃污染特征及生态风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 2410 全文点击 1097 投稿时间：2015-04-30 修订日期：2015-07-09 |
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| 中文关键词 大庆湖泊群 多环芳烃 水体 淡水鱼 风险评估 |
| 英文关键词 Daqing lakes PAHs water body freshwater fish risk assessment |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王晓迪 | 哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院, 黑龙江省普通高等学校地理环境遥感监测重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150025 | yayawxd123@126.com | | 臧淑英 | 哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院, 黑龙江省普通高等学校地理环境遥感监测重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150025 | zsy6311@163.com | | 张玉红 | 哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院, 黑龙江省普通高等学校地理环境遥感监测重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150025 | | | 王凡 | 哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院, 黑龙江省普通高等学校地理环境遥感监测重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150025 | | | 杨兴 | 哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院, 黑龙江省普通高等学校地理环境遥感监测重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150025 | | | 左一龙 | 哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院, 黑龙江省普通高等学校地理环境遥感监测重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150025 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 2012年2~4月采集大庆湖泊群18个典型湖泊30个水体和36个鱼体样品,并对水体和5种鱼组织 (鱼鳃、 肝脏、 鱼脑、 肾脏和肌肉) 样品中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)浓度进行分析测定. 结果显示,水中PAHs总量为0.2~1.21 μg ·L-1,浓度最高值出现在月亮泡. 利用统计学聚类分析方法对18个湖泊水体PAHs浓度进行分类,并进一步应用PAHs比值分析和物种敏感性分布模型对不同湖泊组湖泊水体PAHs分别进行来源分析和生态风险评估. 结果表明,18个湖泊水体PAHs浓度统一聚类分成4个湖泊组,其中月亮泡(YLP)和东大海(DDH)两个湖泊分别单独成一类,其他14个湖泊被聚类分为XHH组和DQSK组两个湖泊组. 湖泊水体中PAHs除了YLP组主要来自石油污染,其他湖泊PAHs的输入均为木柴和煤燃烧所致. 根据国际和国内地表水环境质量标准,大庆湖泊群4个湖泊组水体PAHs浓度水平均有不同程度超标. 其中YLP组和XHH组大部分水样中PAHs浓度超出美国环保署(US EPA)规定的16 种PAHs限量值,尤其YLP组中致癌性最强的苯并[a]芘浓度已经超过了我国地表水环境质量标准; 而DQSK组和DDH组也有少量几种PAHs超出水质标准. 大庆湖泊群鲤鱼种和鲢鱼种5种组织器官内16种PAHs浓度检测结果及统计分析结果显示, 除鲤鱼鳃中的蒽浓度显著高于鲢鱼鳃,其他15种PAHs在两类鱼种中无显著差异. 而同鱼种不同组织器官中PAHs浓度存在明显差异性,肝脏和肾脏作为污染物外源传播的主要器官,其浓度明显高于肌肉、 鳃和脑组织中PAHs的浓度,是PAHs在鱼体内累积的重要器官. 对水生生物的生态风险和淡水鱼消费健康风险评估结果显示, 4个典型湖泊组水体中PAHs对水生生物生态风险均较小,鲤鱼和鲢鱼鱼肉消费也均无饮食健康风险. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 30 water samples and 5 tissues (gill, liver, brain, kidney and muscle) of 36 fishes which were collected from 18 typical lakes of the Daqing lakes group, China were measured between February and April 2012. The results of PAHs concentrations in the water showed that the range of total concentrations was 0.2-1.21 μg ·L-1 and the highest concentration was found in the Yueliangpao Lake. Clustering analysis of statistical method was used to classify the concentrations of PAHs in the water of 18 lakes, and PAHs source and evaluation of ecological risk in different lake groups were obtained respectively based on the analysis of PAHs ratio and the species sensitivity distributions method. The results of cluster analysis about PAHs concentrations in the water of 18 lakes showed that all the lakes were divided into 4 lake groups. Yueliangpao (YLP) and dongdahai (DDH) lakes were respectively divided into a separate group and the other 14 lakes were divided into two groups named XHH group and DQSK group. PAHs in the water of lakes were mainly from wood and coal burning except that the PAHs of the water in YLP group was caused by oil contamination. According to the surface water quality standard of the world and China, the concentrations of PAHs in the water of 4 lake groups all exceeded the standard variously. The PAHs concentrations of most water samples in YLP group and XHH group exceeded the 16 PAHs limit value of Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) standard, especially, the concentration of Benz[a]pyrene with the strongest carcinogenicity of YLP group exceeded Chinese surface water quality standard. While in the DQSK lake group and the DDH lake group, several PAHs contaminations of water samples exceeded the standard. The tested and statistical results of 16 PAHs concentrations in 5 tissues of Cyprinus carpio and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix fish species in Daqing lakes showed the concentrations of anthracene in the gill tissue of Cyprinus carpio were significantly greater than those in the Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, while other 15 PAHs concentrations had no difference between the two species. Among the different tissues of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix or Cyprinus carpio, the concentrations of PAHs in the liver and kidney tissues which are the important tissues of PAHs accumulation were significantly greater than those in the muscle, gill and brain tissues of fish because of their pervasion ability of pollutants. The results of ecological risks of PAHs in water samples to different aquatic organism species and health risk of PAHs to human through the consumption of fish showed that low ecological risk to aquatic organism species and health risk of PAHs in the muscle of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Cyprinus carpio to human were observed in the 4 lake groups. |
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