| 北京城区冬季降尘微量元素分布特征及来源分析 |
| 摘要点击 3139 全文点击 1494 投稿时间：2015-01-29 修订日期：2015-03-29 |
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| 中文关键词 降尘 微量元素 Pearson相关分析 Kendall相关分析 主成分分析 |
| 英文关键词 dustfall trace elements Pearson correlation analysis Kendall correlation analysis principal component analysis |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 熊秋林 | 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,城市环境过程与数字模拟国家重点实验室培育基地, 北京 100048 | xiong_ql@163.com | | 赵文吉 | 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,城市环境过程与数字模拟国家重点实验室培育基地, 北京 100048 | zhwenji1215@163.com | | 郭逍宇 | 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,城市环境过程与数字模拟国家重点实验室培育基地, 北京 100048 | | | 陈凡涛 | 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,城市环境过程与数字模拟国家重点实验室培育基地, 北京 100048 | | | 束同同 | 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,城市环境过程与数字模拟国家重点实验室培育基地, 北京 100048 | | | 郑晓霞 | 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,城市环境过程与数字模拟国家重点实验室培育基地, 北京 100048 | | | 赵文慧 | 北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100044 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 降尘含量是评价大气污染程度的指标之一.降尘中的微量元素尤其是重金属,其质量分数超标会引发生态环境风险及人体健康风险.为了研究北京城区冬季大气降尘中微量元素分布特征以及其中的重金属污染状况及其来源,于2013年11月至2014年3月收集了北京城区及周边大气降尘样品49份.用Elan DRC II型电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测试了样品中40种微量元素的质量分数,结果表明,一半以上的微量元素在降尘中的质量分数不足10 mg·kg-1,约四分之一的微量元素其质量分数在10~100 mg·kg-1之间,Pb、Zr、Cr、Cu、Zn、Sr、Ba等7种元素的质量分数超过100 mg·kg-1.北京城区冬季降尘中Pb、Cu、Zn、Bi、Cd和Mo的含量分别是同期地表土壤中相应元素含量的4.18、4.66、5.35、6.31、6.62和8.62倍,均超出土壤背景值的300%以上,人为活动对北京城区降尘微量重金属含量的贡献较大.通过Pearson相关分析、Kendall相关分析以及主成分分析对大气降尘以及其中的Cd、Mo、Nb、Ga、Co、Y、Nd、Li、La、Ni、Rb、V、Ce、Pb、Zr、Cr、Cu、Zn、Sr、Ba等20种主要微量元素的来源进行了探讨.研究发现,北京城区冬季降尘的来源主要由地壳来源(包括道路扬尘、建筑粉尘和远程传输的尘埃)和化石燃料燃烧(汽车尾气排放、煤炭燃烧、生物质燃烧和工业过程)构成. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The dustfall content is one of the evaluation indexes of atmospheric pollution. Trace elements especially heavy metals in dustfall can lead to risks to ecological environment and human health. In order to study the distribution characteristics of trace elements, heavy metals pollution and their sources in winter atmospheric dust, 49 dustfall samples were collected in Beijing City and nearby during November 2013 to March 2014. Then the contents (mass percentages) of 40 trace elements were measured by Elan DRC Ⅱ type inductively coupled plasma mass (ICP-MS). Test results showed that more than half of the trace elements in the dust were less than 10mg·kg-1; about a quarter were between 10-100mg·kg-1; while 7 elements (Pb, Zr, Cr, Cu, Zn, Sr and Ba) were more than 100mg·kg-1. The contents of Pb, Cu, Zn, Bi, Cd and Mo of winter dustfall in Beijing city were respectively 4.18, 4.66, 5.35, 6.31, 6.62, and 8.62 times as high as those of corresponding elements in the surface soil in the same period, which went beyond the soil background values by more than 300%. The contribution of human activities to dustfall trace heavy metals content in Beijing city was larger than that in the surrounding region. Then sources analysis of dustfall and its 20 main trace elements (Cd, Mo, Nb, Ga, Co, Y, Nd, Li, La, Ni, Rb, V, Ce, Pb, Zr, Cr, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba) was conducted through a multi-method analysis, including Pearson correlation analysis, Kendall correlation coefficient analysis and principal component analysis. Research results indicated that sources of winter dustfall in Beijing city were mainly composed of the earth's crust sources (including road dust, construction dust and remote transmission of dust) and the burning of fossil fuels (vehicle emissions, coal combustion, biomass combustion and industrial processes). |
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