| 东莞石马河流域水化学特征时空差异及来源辨析 |
| 摘要点击 2657 全文点击 1526 投稿时间：2014-10-23 修订日期：2014-12-30 |
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| 中文关键词 石马河流域 水化学组成 时空差异 控制因素 来源辨析 |
| 英文关键词 Shima River catchment hydro-chemical composition temporal-spatial variation controlling factors source identification |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 石马河流域对东江饮用水源地城镇供水具有重要战略意义. 为研究石马河水化学特征,分别于2012年2月、6月和11月采集石马河河水水样共39个,分析测定了水体主离子(K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO42-和HCO3-)及营养盐(PO43-、NO3-和NH4+)浓度,探讨了水化学组成的时空差异、控制因素并对其来源进行了初步辨析. 结果表明,水化学组成的时空差异显著,不同时期的河水TDS及营养盐平均浓度排序为11月>2月>6月; 河水阴离子以HCO3-为主,2月和11月时,河水阳离子以Na++K+为主,为HCO3--Na+水,6月时则以Ca2+为主,为HCO3--Ca2+水; 营养盐浓度在空间上的差异主要受人类活动导致N、P废水排放影响,3个时期的石马河出水口处(R7) N:P为18.4,有利于浮游植物的生长,河道出现了富营养化的现象; Gibbs图显示,2月和11月的河水主离子受蒸发岩溶解的影响较为显著,而蒸发岩和碳酸盐岩风化共同控制6月的水化学组分; 海盐沉降对石马河河水物质的贡献率较小; 部分Na+、Mg2+、Cl-和SO42-来自化肥的施用和工业废水的排放; NH4+-N、PO43--P 和 NO3--N主要分别来源于家禽养殖废水和生活废水. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Shima River catchment is of strategic importance to urban water supply in Dongjiang portable water source area. To investigate the hydro-chemical characteristics of Shima River, 39 river water samples were collected in February, June and November, 2012 to analyze the major ions (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-) and nutritive salts (PO43-, NO3- and NH4+) and to discuss the temporal-spatial variation and controlling factors of hydro-chemical composition, relative sources identification of varied ions was performed as well. The results showed that the hydro-chemical composition exhibited significant differences in different periods. The average concentration of total dissolved solid (TDS) and nutritive salts in different investigated periods followed the decreasing order of November > February > June. The dominant anion of Shima River was HCO3-, and Na++K+ were the major cations in February and November which were changed to Ca2+ in June, the hydro-chemical types were determined as HCO3--Na+ and HCO3--Ca2+ in dry (February and November) and rainy (June) seasons, respectively. Spatial variations of concentration of nutritive salts were mainly affected by the discharges of N- and P-containing waste water resulted from human activities. The ratio between N and P of water sample (R7) was 18.4:1 which boosted the "crazy growth" of phytoplankton and led to severe eutrophication. According to Gibbs distribution of water samples, dissolution of hydatogenic rocks was the primary factor to control the major cations of river water in dry season, however, the hydro-chemical composition was significantly affected by the combination of hydatogenic and carbonate rocks in rainy season. The deposition of sea-salts contributed less to chemical substances in river. Correlation analysis revealed that K+, Na+, Mg2+, Cl- and SO42- were partly derived from the application of fertilizer and the discharge of industrial effluent; Waste water of poultry feeding and sanitary wastewater transported large quantities of NH4+-N, PO43--P and NO3--N into the river. |
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