| 亚硝酸盐型甲烷厌氧氧化微生物特性研究进展 |
| 摘要点击 5257 全文点击 2192 投稿时间：2014-09-15 修订日期：2014-10-23 |
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| 中文关键词 N-DAMO Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera 星形细胞形态 10MeC16:1Δ7 内产氧代谢 甲烷汇 |
| 英文关键词 N-DAMO Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera star-like cell shape 10MeC16:1Δ7 intra-aerobic metabolism methane sink |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 亚硝酸盐型甲烷厌氧氧化(nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation, N-DAMO)是新近发现的生物反应,是偶联碳氮循环的关键环节,是环境领域和微生物领域的重大发现. N-DAMO的发现对于完善碳氮生物地球化学循环、丰富微生物学内容和研发新型生物脱氮除碳工艺均具有巨大的推动作用. 催化N-DAMO反应的微生物为Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera(M. oxyfera),其隶属于一新发现的细菌门——NC10门. 近年来,M. oxyfera的生物学研究取得了许多突破性进展,如初步探明了其个体形态特征、细胞化学组分特征、富集培养特征、生理生化特征及生态学特征,最突出的例子包括发现了M. oxyfera独特的细胞(星状)形态及特殊的脂肪酸(10MeC16:1Δ7)组分等. 最近,N-DAMO的机制研究方面也有了突破性进展:发现了地球上第4种生物产氧途径. 目前认为,M. oxyfera具有内产氧功能,其首先将NO2-还原为NO,然后将2分子NO进行歧化反应生成N2和O2,最后利用生成的O2对甲烷进行氧化. 本文系统地介绍了M. oxyfera各方面的微生物特性. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (N-DAMO) is a recently discovered process that constitutes a unique association between the two major global elements essential for life, carbon and nitrogen. This process is one of the most important discoveries in the fields of environmental science and microbiology. The discovery of N-DAMO process supplements biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen in nature, extends microbial diversity and urges development of novel simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal process. The N-DAMO process is mediated by the bacterium "Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera" (M. oxyfera), which belongs to the candidate phylum NC10. Currently, a series of breakthroughs have been made in the research of M. oxyfera. The properties of M. oxyfera morphology, chemical composition, enrichment culture, physiology and biochemistry, and ecology have been revealed. Most importantly, the special ultrastructure (star-like) of the cell shape and unique chemical composition (10MeC16:1Δ7) of M. oxyfera have been revealed. In addition, a new intra-aerobic metabolism (the fourth biological pathway to produce oxygen) was discovered in M. oxyfera. It was observed that M. oxyfera bypassed the denitrification intermediate nitrous oxide by the conversion of two nitric oxide molecules to dinitrogen gas and oxygen, which was then used to oxidise methane. The present review summarises various aspects of microbiological properties of M. oxyfera. |
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