| 污水处理厂尾水细菌群落结构分析 |
| 摘要点击 2152 全文点击 1627 投稿时间：2014-01-20 修订日期：2014-03-07 |
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| 中文关键词 市政尾水 微生物 群落结构 安全 PCR-RFLP |
| 英文关键词 municipal discharges microbe community structure security PCR-RFLP |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 城市尾水中含有大量的微生物，其中相当一部分为病原菌，其排入自然水体后给附近人群造成健康威胁. 本研究采用建立16S rDNA 克隆文库和PCR-RLFP技术对尾水的细菌群落结构进行分析，结果表明尾水中有59种细菌分别属于11个纲，其中44种细菌属于Proteobacteria门，约占85%（其中β-Proteobacteria和γ-Proteobacteria纲占绝对优势），7种细菌属于Clostridia纲占7.2%，而Actinobacteria、Bacteroidia、Gloeobacteria、Nitrospira、Planctomycetacia 这5个纲的细菌所占数量都低于4%，尾水中的细菌大多来源于污水处理过程，因此各地区应该根据受纳水体的特点和净化能力选择合适的污水处理工艺；59种细菌中Legionella spp. 占10%以上，其导致的退伍军人症可能成为尾水排放对附近人群健康的最大威胁，另外尾水中一些细菌能代谢次氯酸盐对氯气有一定抵抗能力，所以在选择消毒措施时应该选用氯气消毒与其他消毒工艺的组合；本研究中粪大肠杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌、沙门氏菌、志贺菌属、霍乱弧菌等致病菌在尾水中均未检出，因此对这些致病菌进行研究需要选择针对性更强的方法. |
| 英文摘要 |
| There are numerous microorganisms, especial pathogens, in the discharges. Those microorganisms are discharged into the river and sea through sewage outfalls, which results in possible health risks to coastal populations. And more attention should be paid to municipal discharges in developing countries. This study investigated the microbial community in the discharges by constructing 16S rDNA clones library and using the PCR-RFLP technology. Phylogenetic analysis of bacteria in municipal discharges showed that there were 59 species, which were divided into 11 classes. Proteobacteria accounted for 85% of all the bacteria, of which β-Proteobacteria and γ- Proteobacteria were the dominant classes. Bacteria in the waste water treating process had important influence on microbial community in municipal discharges, therefore, municipal sewage plant should choose the process according to the characteristics and purifying capacity of the receiving water body. Legionella spp. accounted for approximately 10%, the Legionnaires' disease resulted from which might be of top risk for the residents in the surrounding of the municipal discharges outfall and receiving water. Dechloromonas aromatica could make use of chlorite (ClO-), which led to its survival from chlorine disinfection, and it alerted us that several disinfection methods should be used together to ensure the bacterial safety of municipal discharges. Coliform group and other pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Arcobacter spp. were not detected in this study, and it indicated that we should do more work and use more methods to investigate the perniciousness of discharges. |
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