| 大亚湾石化排污海域重金属污染及生态风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 3436 全文点击 1655 投稿时间：2013-10-08 修订日期：2013-12-28 |
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| 中文关键词 大亚湾 石化排污区 重金属 生态风险评价 空间分布 |
| 英文关键词 Daya Bay petrochemical sewage area heavy metals ecological risk assessment spatial distribution |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 徐姗楠 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室, 广州 510300 | xushannan@scsfri.ac.cn | | 李纯厚 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室, 广州 510300 | scslch@vip.163.com | | 徐娇娇 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室, 广州 510300 | | | 肖雅元 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室, 广州 510300 | | | 林琳 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室, 广州 510300 | | | 黄小平 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 热带海洋环境国家重点实验室, 广州 510301 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为了解大亚湾石化排污区海域重金属污染现状及其潜在生态风险，对该湾的海水、表层沉积物和生物（鱼）体中7种重金属（Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd、Cr、As、Hg）含量及空间分布进行了研究，并分别采用综合污染指数法和生态风险指数法对海水和表层沉积物重金属污染程度及潜在生态危害进行了评价. 结果表明，2011~2012年海水重金属含量较低，除部分站位Zn和Pb超过海水水质第一类标准外，未出现明显的重金属污染. 海水重金属综合污染指数均值丰水期（0.72）>枯水期（0.38），表层沉积物重金属综合污染指数均值枯水期（7.77）>丰水期（5.70），枯水期表层沉积物重金属污染因子为Hg，其次为As和Zn；丰水期表层沉积物重金属污染因子为Hg，其次为Zn和Cu. 调查海域丰水期和枯水期间采集到的生物（鱼）体内各种重金属均未超标. 重金属含量的相关性分析表明，不同时期大亚湾石化排污区重金属间的相关程度差异明显. 枯水期调查海域沉积物重金属潜在生态风险指数RI（129.20）>丰水期（102.86），枯水期有25%的站位出现高警级风险. 调查海域沉积物重金属潜在生态风险在丰水期是远岸海域高于沿岸海域，湾口高于湾顶；而在枯水期则相反. Hg对大亚湾石化排污区海域存在强潜在生态风险，其他6种重金属均为轻微潜在生态风险. |
| 英文摘要 |
| This study aimed to gain a clear understanding on the status of pollution by heavy metals in the petrochemical sewage and the potential ecological risk caused by heavy metal pollution in the sea area of Daya Bay. The contents and spatial distributions of heavy metals including Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, As and Hg in seawater, sediment and fishes collected from Daya Bay were analyzed. The comprehensive pollution index (CPI) and ecological risk indexes (ERIs) were used to evaluate the contaminated severity and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in seawater and sediment. The results showed that the contents of these heavy metals, except for those of Zn and Pb, in several stations set in Daya Bay from 2011 to 2012 were relatively low, which were lower than the quality standard of class I according to the China National Standard Criteria for Seawater Quality, suggesting that the seawater in Daya Bay has not been polluted yet by these heavy metals. The average CPI of heavy metals in seawater during flooding season (0.72) was higher than that during dry season (0.38) whereas the average CPI of heavy metals in sediment during dry season (7.77) was higher than that during flooding season (5.70). Hg was found to be the primary contaminating heavy metal in sediment during dry season, which was followed by As and Zn whereas during flooding season, Hg was the primary contaminating metal in sediment, followed by Zn and Cu. The contents of these 7 heavy metals in fishes collected from the surveyed areas were lower than those of the standard requirements. A correlation analysis indicated that there were significant differences in the correlations between the midst of the heavy metals in sea water and the different periods. The ERIs of heavy metals in sediment during dry season (129.20) was higher than that during flooding season (102.86), and 25% of the sampling sites among all stations were under the risk of high-level alarm. The potential ERIs of heavy metals in sediment in offshore waters were higher than those of inshore waters, and were higher in the bay-mouth than in the bay-head. However, the distributions of potential ERIs showed reversed trend during dry season. The comprehensive assessment results showed that Hg was the primary heavy metal with a high ecological risk whereas the potential ERIs for the other six heavy metals in the petrochemical sewage waters in Daya Bay were relatively low. |
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