| 东北春大豆品种东生1号对臭氧胁迫的响应 |
| 摘要点击 3930 全文点击 1684 投稿时间：2013-08-14 修订日期：2013-09-18 |
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| 中文关键词 臭氧 大豆 产量 光合作用 碳 氮 |
| 英文关键词 ozone soybean yield photosynthesis C N |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 采用开顶式气室（OTCs）方法，研究了不同臭氧（O3）浓度处理对春大豆品种"东生1号"的影响，主要包括产量与产量构成因子，叶片与籽粒碳、氮元素与碳氮比、盛花期叶片气体交换速率、叶绿素荧光参数与光合色素含量变化. 试验设置3个臭氧水平：过滤大气（CFA，10 nL·L-1）、自然大气（NFA）与自然大气添加40 nL·L-1（NFA+O3）. 结果表明，经过一个生长季处理（AOT40值累积为10.6 μL·L-1·h），与CFA相比，NFA处理东生1号大豆单株产量与百粒重降低4.5%、4%，而NFA+O3处理分别显著降低34%、18%（P<0.05），而处理间株高、主茎节数、单株荚数与每荚粒数均无显著变化.鼓粒期NFA+O3处理叶片C、N元素含量分别显著增加3%、26%，碳氮比则显著降低18%. CFA与NFA相比，NFA+O3显著降低盛花期大豆叶片净光合速率（Asat）、气孔导度（gs）、水分利用效率（WUE）、开放的光系统反应中心激发能捕获效率（F'v/F'm）和作用光下光系统Ⅱ的实际量子效率（ΦPSⅡ），而胞间CO2浓度（ci）、光化学猝灭系数（qP）和光合色素含量则无显著变化.结果表明，O3浓度升高导致东生1号单株产量下降的主要原因是其显著降低百粒重、净光合速率和电子传递效率. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Soybean cultivar Dongsheng No.1 [Glycine max( L.) Mer.] was exposed to charcoal-filtered air (CFA), non-filtered air (NFA) and non-filtered air with ozone addition (NFA+O3) in nine open-top chambers. Individual yield and yield components at maturity, C, N concentration in leaf and seed, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and pigments content at the full bloom stage were measured with an AOT40 value of 10.6 μL·L-1·h during the growing season. Compared to CFA, NFA reduced individual yield and 100-seed weight by 4.5% and 4% respectivley, while NFA+O3 treatment significantly reduced each of them by 34% and 18%. However, plant height, node numbers of main stem, pods per plant and number of seeds per pod remained unchanged by O3 addition. Leaf C, N concentrations at the seed filling stage under NFA+O3 also significantly increased by 3% and 26%, respectively, while the CN ratio significantly decreased by 18%. Moreover, compared to CFA and NFA, NFA+O3 caused significant reductions in the photosynthetic parameters at the full bloom stage, e.g. significant declines in net photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, fluorescence parameters of F'v/F'm and ΦPSⅡ. It is proposed that lower photosynthetic rates, reduced photochemical efficiency in PSⅡ and the decline in 100-seed weight might be the main reasons contributing to the lower individual yield of soybean plant by elevated O3. |
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