| 重庆市北碚城区大气污染物浓度变化特征观测研究 |
| 摘要点击 4401 全文点击 1980 投稿时间：2013-07-04 修订日期：2013-10-15 |
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| 中文关键词 重庆 大气污染 O3 NOx SO2 PM2.5 |
| 英文关键词 Chongqing atmospheric pollutants O3 NOx SO2 PM2.5 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 徐鹏 | 西南大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715 | 836289912@qq.com | | 郝庆菊 | 西南大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715 | | | 吉东生 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029 | | | 张军科 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029 | | | 刘子锐 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029 | | | 胡波 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029 | | | 王跃思 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029 | | | 江长胜 | 西南大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715 | jiangcs@126.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为了研究重庆市北碚区大气污染物浓度变化特征及其污染状况，采用全自动在线监测仪器对重庆市北碚城区大气污染物进行连续在线监测，分析了2012年1月~2013年2月的大气污染物观测数据. 结果表明，除SO2以外，其它污染物均有超出国家新环境空气质量标准（GB 3095-2012）的情况出现，其中细粒子污染最严重. 大气污染物浓度具有明显的季节变化，2012年春夏秋冬季各污染物平均浓度：O3为 （36.1±19.2）、（48.8±32.6）、（29.8±28.6）、（18.2±15.8）μg·m-3，Ox为（77.6±20.6）、（91.3±37.6）、（77.5±30.6）、（69.4±18.2）μg·m-3，表现为夏高冬低；NO为（11.8±9.4）、（8.2±4.9）、（20.7±17.1）、（30.4±25.1）μg·m-3，NO2为（42.3±13.1）、（40.5±9.9）、（47.2±14.1）、（51.2±15.9）μg·m-3，NOx为（54.1±20.8）、（48.7±12.6）、（67.9±25.5）、（81.6±37.9）μg·m-3，均表现为冬高夏低；SO2为（50.5±23.3）、（26.3±16.7）、（38.8±18.4）、（53.7±23.4） μg·m-3，表现为冬春高而夏秋低；而PM2.5则为（61.4±28.5）、（68.1±32.5）、（61.9±27.1）、（89.6±44.2）μg·m-3，表现出冬季高而其它季节比较平稳的特征. O3、Ox、NO、NOx以及SO2浓度均为单峰型的日变化形式，其中O3和Ox的日变化峰值出现在午后16：00，而NO、NOx及SO2的日最大值则出现在08：00~11：00；NO2和PM2.5的日变化模态呈双峰型，有早晚两个峰值. O3和Ox在夏季日变化振幅最大，而其它污染物则冬季日变化振幅最大. 将工作日与周末各污染物浓度的日变化相比，成对t检验分析表明，NO并无明显差异（P=0.14），但N2O工作日显著高于周末（P=0.03），而O3则为工作日极显著低于周末（P<0.001）. 相关分析表明，O3浓度与气温和风速呈显著或极显著正相关，与相对湿度呈极显著负相关，而NOx则与以上各气象要素的关系正好相反；PM2.5与气温和风速呈负相关，与相对湿度呈正相关；SO2与各气象要素的关系在不同的季节表现不同. 除此之外，风向也是影响大气污染物浓度的一个重要因素. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To study the characteristics of atmospheric pollutants in the urban area of Beibei district of Chongqing, the concentrations of the atmospheric pollutants were measured by automatic on-line continuous monitoring equipments from Jan. 2012 to Feb. 2013. The results showed that the concentrations of the pollutants often exceeded the corresponding values of the new National Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB 3095-2012) except SO2. Of these pollutants, PM2.5 was the most serious in this area. The concentrations of the atmospheric pollutants had significant seasonal variation. The concentrations of O3 and Ox were both the highest in summer and the lowest in winter. The average concentrations of O3 were (36.1±19.2), (48.8±32.6), (29.8±28.6) and (18.2±15.8) μg·m-3, and the average Ox concentrations were (77.6±20.6), (91.3±37.6), (77.5±30.6) and (69.4±18.2) μg·m-3 in spring, summer, autumn and winter in 2012, respectively. The concentrations of NOx appeared higher in winter and lower in summer, the average concentrations of NO, NO2 and NOx were (11.8±9.4), (42.3±13.1) and (54.1±20.8) μg·m-3 in spring, (8.2±4.9), (40.5±9.9) and (48.7±12.6) μg·m-3 in summer, (20.7±17.1), (47.2±14.1) and (67.9±25.5) μg·m-3 in autumn, and (30.4±25.1), (51.2±15.9), (81.6±37.9) μg·m-3 in winter. The concentrations of SO2 appeared higher in spring and winter, and lower in summer and autumn. The concentrations of SO2 were (50.5±23.3), (26.3±16.7), (38.8±18.4) and (53.7±23.4) μg·m-3 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The concentrations of PM2.5 appeared higher in winter and changed smoothly in other seasons, with the average concentration of (61.4±28.5), (68.1±32.5), (61.9±27.1) and (89.6±44.2) μg·m-3 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The curves of diurnal variations of O3, Ox, NO, NOx and SO2 all showed single peak. However, the time of the peak values varied for different pollutants, 16:00 for O3 and Ox, and 8:00-11:00 for NO, NOx and SO2. The diurnal variations of NO2 and PM2.5 were similar to the two peaks that appeared in the morning and at night, respectively. Moreover, the diurnal ranges of O3 and Ox concentrations were much wider in summer, while the wider ranges were observed in winter for NO, NO2, NOx, SO2 and PM2.5. There was no difference in the diurnal pattern of NO between weekends and weekdays, the concentrations of N2O in weekdays were much higher than those on weekends, but with O3 the situation was the opposite. Correlation analysis indicated that the O3 concentration was positively correlated with temperature and wind speed, while negatively correlated with relative humidity. However, the situation of NOx was the opposite. PM2.5 concentration was negatively correlated with temperature and wind speed, while positively correlated with relative humidity. SO2 concentration had different correlations with the meteorological parameters in different seasons. In addition, wind direction was an important factor affecting the concentrations of the atmospheric pollutants. |
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