| 农田土壤N2O产生的关键微生物过程及减排措施 |
| 摘要点击 3483 全文点击 2004 投稿时间：2013-04-24 修订日期：2013-08-02 |
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| 中文关键词 农田土壤 氧化亚氮 硝化作用 反硝化作用 减排措施 |
| 英文关键词 agricultural soil nitrous oxide nitrification denitrification mitigation strategies |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 氧化亚氮（N2O）作为一种重要的温室气体，其全球排放总量仍然在持续上升. 它不仅可以产生温室效应，还可以间接破坏臭氧层，使其在全球气候变化和生态环境变化研究中备受关注. 土壤生态系统是大气中N2O的最重要排放源. 本文详细论述了农田土壤中反硝化作用、硝化作用、硝化微生物的反硝化作用以及硝酸盐异化还原成铵作用等过程产生N2O的微生物学机制，并从土壤理化性质（土壤pH、氮素、有机质、土壤温度和湿度）和土壤生物等方面对农田土壤N2O排放的影响进行综述，在此基础上对农田土壤N2O的减排措施进行总结，并就今后农田土壤N2O排放的研究重点和方向进行了展望，为调控农田土壤温室气体排放、氮转化过程和提高氮素利用效率提供科学依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful atmospheric greenhouse gas, which does not only have a strong influence on the global climate change but also depletes the ozone layer and induces the enhancement of ultraviolet radiation to ground surface, so numerous researches have been focused on global climate change and ecological environmental change. Soil is the foremost source of N2O emissions to the atmosphere, and approximately two-thirds of these emissions are generally attributed to microbiological processes including bacterial and fungal denitrification and nitrification processes, largely as a result of the application of nitrogenous fertilizers. Here the available knowledge concerning the research progress in N2O production in agricultural soils was reviewed, including denitrification, nitrification, nitrifier denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, and the abiotic (including soil pH, organic and inorganic nitrogen, organic matter, soil humidity and temperature) and biotic factors that have direct and indirect effects on N2O fluxes from agricultural soils were also summarized. In addition, the strategies for mitigating N2O emissions and the future research direction were proposed. Therefore, these studies are expected to provide valuable and scientific evidence for the study on mitigation strategies for the emission of greenhouse gases, adjustment of nitrogen transformation processes and enhancement of nitrogen use efficiency. |
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