| 油田区土壤石油烃组分残留特性研究 |
| 摘要点击 2378 全文点击 1239 投稿时间：2013-04-21 修订日期：2013-05-29 |
| 查看HTML全文
查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 中文关键词 土壤 石油烃 组分构成 残留特性 源识别 |
| 英文关键词 soil petroleum hydrocarbon composition residual property source identification |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 胡迪 | 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084
清华大学环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100084 | hud10@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn | | 李川 | 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084
清华大学环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100084 | | | 董倩倩 | 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084
中国市政工程中南设计研究总院有限公司, 武汉 430015 | | | 李立明 | 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084
清华大学环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100084 | | | 李广贺 | 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084
清华大学环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100084 | ligh@tsinghua.edu.cn |
|
| 中文摘要 |
| 为了揭示石油开采区土壤石油烃组成及残留特性，探讨石油污染物的来源与风化程度，采集了胜利油田孤岛和河口采油区共5口油井周边土壤样品及原油样品，利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析原油及土壤样品中的链烷烃（正烷烃+姥鲛烷+植烷）及多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，PAHs）共51种石油烃单体的含量. 结果表明，与原油相比，油田区土壤总提取物中链烷烃与PAHs所占的比例明显偏低；土壤石油烃的组分构成与原油相比，链烷烃中碳数小于12的正烷烃比例明显降低，而高碳数正烷烃比例增加. 选择正十八烷/植烷作为指示土壤风化程度的标志，利用主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）法分析其与土壤中各石油烃组分的关系，结果显示碳数大于33的正烷烃与中环芳香烃具有高残留性. 利用主成分分析综合分析用于土壤石油烃来源识别的4个指标，结果表明，土壤中的石油烃具有明显的原油“指纹”. 研究结果为油田土壤污染特性的认识提供了依据与基础. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The aims of this study were to determine the compositions and residual properties of petroleum hydrocarbon in soil, as well as to identify the source and weathering degree of the pollution. A total of 5 producing wells in Gudao and Hekou oil producing region of Shengli oilfields were analyzed. More than 50 individual target compounds including straight-and branched-chain alkanes(n-alkanes, pristine and phytane)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in soil samples and crude oil were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The percentages of chain alkanes and PAHs in total solvent extractable matters(TSEM)of soil samples were both much lower than those in the crude oil samples. The compositions of petroleum hydrocarbon in soil samples differed from those in crude oil, which indicated the n-alkanes with carbon numbers<12 were much easier to lose in contrast to the n-alkanes with high carbon numbers. With n-octadecane/phytane as index for the weathering rate of oil contaminated soils, the relationship between the index and petroleum hydrocarbon compounds was analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the n-alkanes with carbon numbers>33 and the PAHs with rings between 3 and 5 were much harder to degrade. PCA of 4 indexes for source identification revealed more than 50% of the soil samples were polluted by crude oil, which needs more attention during remediation. |
|
|
|
