| 木薯加工废弃物堆肥化中氰化物的降解及腐熟度的研究 |
| 摘要点击 2372 全文点击 1282 投稿时间：2008-12-06 修订日期：2009-02-13 |
| 查看HTML全文
查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 中文关键词 木薯 加工废弃物 堆肥化 氰化物 腐熟度 |
| 英文关键词 cassava processing wastes composting cyanide maturity |
|
| 中文摘要 |
| 为了探讨木薯加工废弃物堆肥化中氰化物的降解速度和快速处理效果，将木薯皮、木薯渣与猪粪混合制作堆肥，通过发酵过程中温度、pH、氰化物、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素及碳氮比等的测定，评价了堆肥化过程对氰化物无害化处理的效果及堆肥的腐熟进程.结果表明，氰化物含量迅速降低，30 d后达到2.08 mg/kg，分解率达到94.16％，符合食品安全标准.堆制材料中淀粉、纤维素、半纤维素等主要含碳成分及氰化物在15 d内分解，分解率达80％以上，基本趋于稳定.经过30 d的堆肥化过程，堆体温度也回落至常温，趋于稳定，pH一直稳定在7.2.堆体中碳氮比（C/N）、硝态氮(NO-3-N)、铵态氮(NH+4-N)等腐熟度判定指标数据也表明，木薯加工废弃物经过15 d的堆肥化过程，堆体内各种理化性质稳定，在发酵结束时，C/N为17.55，硝态氮和铵态氮的含量分别达到了2.5 g/kg和10 mg/kg，NO-3-N/NH+4-N的比值为250，全部达到腐熟标准.证明木薯加工废弃物经30d堆肥化处理可达到稳定安全状态. |
| 英文摘要 |
| An investigation was carried out to approach the degradation of cyanide and maturity during the cassava processing wastes composting process. Mixtures of cassava hull，cassava residues and pig manure were used in the experiment. Parameters like temperature，pH，cyanide，cellulose，hemicellulose，lignin and C/N ratio were assessed during the composting process，the effect of composting process on the degradation of cyanide and maturity were evaluated. The results reveal that the content of cyanide decreases sharply and declines to 2.08 mg/kg (30 days of composting)，the degradation rate of cyanide is 94.16％ and is in accord with food safety standard. After 15 days of the composting process，degradation of composting materials containing carbon (starch，cellulose，hemicellulose) and cyanide are quick and the degradation rates of them are more than 80%，properties tend towards stability basically. During 30 days of the composting process，the composting temperature drops to normal temperature and tends to stability，pH remains stable at 7.2. Parameters like C/N ratio，nitrate-nitrogen (NO-3-N) and ammonia nitrogen (NH+4-N) as maturity evaluation index were measured，and the results indicate that physical and chemical properties keep stability after 15 days of cassava processing wastes composting process. At the end of fermentation，C/N ratio is 17.55，the content of nitrate-nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen reach 2.5g/kg and 10 mg/kg respectively，NO-3-N/NH+4-N ratio is 250. The changes of these above mentioned parameters meet with maturity evaluation standard. Proving that cassava processing wastes during 30 days of composting treatment can achieve stability and security state. |
